1. Rule of Augustus

2. Octavian changed name to Augustus 1st Roman Emperor
Didn’t like title and kept assem., gov. officials, and Senate
Strengthened Authority
Control of army: soldiers swore allegiance to him
Took charge of daily business & hired everyone

3. Made natural frontiers as boundaries Conquered Greece & Egypt
Governing Existing Empire
Long terms & salaries, created census for taxes
Strict laws, 1st police & library
Achievements
Peace to Rome
Patriotism & pride
Roman citizenship
Reorganized Gov.

4. Pax Romana (200 years of peace)
Trade
No tariffs or taxes on imported goods
Shipping became big
Manufacturing center
Law
Judges helped by Juris Prudentes (special lawyers & judges)
Created laws fair to all
All were innocent to proven guilty
Law was standardized (same in all parts)

5. Daily Life Most lived in the city Poor – islands Rich lived in Domus
Little housing, expensive, pollution, crime
Poor – islands
Apartments 6 or 7 stories
Rich lived in Domus
Vestibulum
And
Fauces
Atrium
And
Ala
Tablinum
Peristylium

6. Family Father was the head Up until 12, boys & girls went to school
After 12:
Rich boys: formal education
15 went to rhetoric school
Rich girls: private tutor
Better off than men

7. Colosseum and Gladiators
Colosseum aka: Flavian Amphitheatre
Built under Vespasian & finished under Titus
Holds up to 50,000 people

8. Most gladiators were slaves, prisoners of war, criminals, or the poor.
Could fight with others, groups, and animals.
Trained in schools
Well fed but tremendous discipline
Fights started in the afternoons
Could appeal to the emperor to stay alive
Beast Shows
Animals vs. animals, man vs. animal
Women & children for political and religious views

9. Circus Maximus Place for chariot races Held 60,000 to 200,000
Ran 7 laps
Only racing companies drove chariots

11. Roman Theater Preferred comedies
Famous playwrights: Plautus and Terence
Similar to modern comic operas
Given in morning and lasted 2 hours
Men played women’s parts

12. People talked & shouted throughout
Built at foot of hill
People talked & shouted throughout
Marcellus
Odeum at Pompeii

13. Fall of the Roman Empire
By 476 A.D. there was no empire left
Reasons For the Fall of Rome
Political
Absence of a written rule for inheriting the throne

14. Economic Foreign Enemies Higher taxes in order to pay the army
Inflation: increasing prices since $ began to lose value
Foreign Enemies
Rome’s frontiers open to attack
German hunters and Central Europe herders began invading Greece & Gaul

15. Diocletian 284 AD – 305 AD Fortified frontiers to stop invasions
Established Rule by Divine Right
Emperor’s power & right to rule came from Gods
Divided power of empire into 2 parts
Western & Eastern

16. Constantine I - 305 to 337 AD Had to follow trade of father
Caused wealthy to move to country
Moved capitol east to Constantinople (Turkey)

17. End of an Empire Huns (Mongolia) were threatening the Germans
Germans crossed Danube River
Defeated Romans in Battle of Adrianople w/ use of iron stirrups
406 AD – Germans crossed over Rhine River into Gaul
410 AD – Alaric, Germanic chief, sacked Rome