1. Rome: Republic to Empire

2. Geography of Rome Built on seven hills along the Tiber River
Situated between the Alps (North) and the tip of the Italian peninsula (south)
Located Near the center of the Med. Sea

4. The Early Republic Rome is unified as one city- state in 600 BC
Covered nearly 500 sq. miles!
Tarquin the Proud
Last King of Rome
Ousted in 509 BC and republic is founded
Only free-born males granted Roman citizenship and voting rights
Two groups want Power
Patricians- wealthy land owners
Plebians- common farmers , artisans, and merchants that made up the majority of the populations. Elected representatives called tribunes.

6. Government in the Republic
Roman Laws: established in 451
Placed in the forum (open area that was the center of Roman political life)
Government Officials:
2 Consuls-
commanded the army
1 year term. No reelection for 10 years
Senate (300 members)-
made decisions regarding foreign and domestic policy
The Roman Army:
Organized into units called Legions
Service was required if you owned land or wanted to obtain a high political ranking political position

8. Rome’s Influence Grows
256 BCE- All of the Italian peninsula is under Roman control
Rome had gained an extensive trade network
The Punic Wars: BCE
Rome vs. Carthage
Carthage was a city-state in north Africa
2nd Punic Wars: Hannibal tries to take Rome and fails
3rd Punic Wars: Rome defeats Carthage for good
Rome becomes the dominate force in the western Med.

10. The Republic Collapses
The gap between the rich and the poor grew as Rome grew
Farmers were left jobless and homeless
The Army
No longer loyal to the Republic
Loyal to their Commanders

11. Caesar takes Control. Hail Caesar!
Popular general and a consul with his friend Pompey
He declared himself governor of Gaul (present-day France) in 58 BCE
58-50 BCE defeated all of Gaul and gained support
Ordered to disband and return to Rome by the Senate and Pompey
He refused and marched his army across the Rubicon River and then to Rome
He defeated Pompey and named dictator in 46 BCE
2 years later named dictator for life
Granted citizenship to many outside of Italy
Assassinated in 44 BCE by several Senator including Marcus Brutus

12. V.

13. An Empire Begins The 2nd Triumvirate: 43 BCE Rome was now an Empire
Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus (former generals)
Lepidus is pressured by to retire by Octavian
Octavian and Antony fight for control of Rome
Antony meets Cleopatra of Egypt and w/ her help tries to defeat Octavian and fails
Octavian becomes the ruler and calls himself Emperor Augustus (exalted one) (27 BCE -14 CE)
Rome was now an Empire

14. Culture in the Empire 207 years of Pax-Romana (Roman Peace)
The Empire stretched from Spain in the West to Mesopotamia in the East
Agriculture was the main industry
Slavery was important feature in everyday life
Gods and Goddesses were linked to the government and include Jupiter (father of the gods), Juno (his wife), and Minerva (goddess of wisdom and arts).

16. Christianity in the Empire
There were many religious in Rome
In 70 AD a Jewish revolt was put down in Jerusalem
Christianity spread quickly however many were persecuted
Constantine
Before a battle (312 CE) has a vision of cross and he wins the battle
Edict of Milan 313 CE- stops the persecution of the Christians
Emperor Theodosius made it the official religion of the empire in 380