1. Maxillo-Mandibular Relationships
Occlusal Vertical Dimension
And Hinge Axis Relation

2. Occlusal Vertical Dimension
Amount of separation between mandible & maxilla when denture teeth contact

3. Hinge Axis Location
Use earbow to record relationship of maxilla to transverse horizontal axis
Locate anterior reference point

4. Centric Position Relationship of maxilla & mandible
Anterior/posterior & medio-lateral)
Maximum intercuspation of denture teeth

5. Programming the Articulator Protrusive Relationship
Simulate relationship of maxilla to mandible in excursions
Denture teeth set in harmonious relationship for function

6. Record Bases (Baseplates) and Occlusion Rims
Used to relate casts on an articulator
Record bases simulate the finished denture base

7. Record Bases and Occlusion Rims
Wax occlusion rims simulate the position of the teeth

8. Occlusion Rim Dimensions
Occlusion rims slightly bulkier
Provide additional stability during record making

9. Record Base Retention Required for record making & phonetic tests
Inaccurate if loose
Use denture adhesive if slightly loose
Pronounced looseness - REMAKE

10. Record Base Retention Causes of Poor Retention
Poor adaptation of resin to cast
Over- or under-extension
Excessive block-out

11. Occlusal Vertical Dimension
Video

12. Arbitrary Adjustment of Occlusion Rims
Adjust separately using average dimensions:
Maxillary - 23 mm
Mandibular - 18 mm
‘Starting Point’
Fairly rapid adjustment
~ 15 minutes per arch

13. Use a Hot Scapel Blade

14. Use Hot Wax Former or Metal Spatula

15. Maxillary Occlusion Rim Adjustment
Maxillary rim slightly facial to compensate for ridge resorption

16. Maxillary Occlusion Rim Adjustment
Anterior height 1-2 mm below the lip at rest/when the patient slightly smiles

17. Wax rim/tooth display can be adjusted with sex, age, and lip length (Vig: JPD 1978).
Incisal Display
10-20mm
3-4mm
20-25mm
2mm
26-30mm
1mm
>30mm
Sex & Age
Female Male
Young
Middle
Old

18. Position of Maxillary Incisal Edge
Edge of rim touches wet line of lower lip when ‘F’ or ‘V’ sounds
Count ‘50-60’

19. Lip Support Lips should be unstrained Naso-labial angle ≈ 90°
Philtrum depressed
Vermilion border showing

20. Occlusion Rim Angulation
Occlusal plane parallel to the ala-tragus line

21. Occlusion Rim Occlusal Plane
Mediolaterally, parallels the pupils
Fox plane can be used

22. Fox Plane
Helps orient occlusal plane

23. Centered Occlusion Rim
Centered over ridge to maximize stability

24. Posterior Occlusion Rim Height
Posteriorly, the occlusion rim intersects 1/2 - 2/3 up the retromolar pad

25. Mandibular Rim Height
Anterior height even with the corners of mouth when lip is relaxed

26. Facial Occlusion Rim Relations
1-2 mm horizontal overlap in anterior & posterior in centric position

27. Proper Lip Support
Unstrained lips
Vermilion border showing

28. Occlusal Vertical Dimension (OVD)
Distance between maxilla & mandible when teeth or wax rims contact in centric position

29. Physiologic Rest Position (PRP)
At rest, lips barely touching
Occlusion rims should not touch
Intraorally no contact

30. Interocclusal Distance (ID)
Space between wax rims at physiologic rest position
Usually 2-4 mm

31. Establishing Occlusal Vertical Dimension
PRP = ID + OVD

32. Establishing Occlusal Vertical Dimension
1. Measure difference between PRP & OVD
2. Feel to ensure movement of mandible
3. Phonetics tests ‘Closest Speaking Space’
Patient sitting bolt upright

33. Establishing Occlusal Vertical Dimension
Check with three techniques to ensure acceptable OVD
No one technique 100% correct

34. Patient Sits Bolt Upright Soft tissue position affected by posture

35. Measurements OVD & PRP Use external points for ease of measurement
Small dots under columnella & mid-symphisis
Use Boley Gauge, not ruler

36. Measuring Occlusal Vertical Dimension
Measure the distance between dots
At PRP
At OVD
Difference is ID
Measurements change each day (position of dots)

37. Measuring Physiologic Rest Postion
Open and close until lips barely touch - Physiologic Rest Position (PRP)
Measure distance between dots

38. Measuring Occlusal Vertical Dimension
Open and close until rims touch
Measure distance between dots (OVD)
Measurement will be different each appointment

39. Establishing OVD Feel for Interocclusal Distance
Close until lips barely touch - PRP
Place finger on chin
Look away
Patient closes until rims touch (OVD)
Feel for movement of the mandible

40. Establishing OVD Phonetics Test
Closest Speaking Space
Confirms OVD
Sibilant sounds ("s", "z", sh", ch")
Rims should be at least 1 mm apart
Don’t worry about sounds yet

41. Excessive OVD Wax Rims Too High
Insufficient interocclusal distance
Remove wax from one or both of the rims
Use large wax formers
#5 & #7 wax spatulas
Red-handled knife
Bunsen burner and torch

42. Wax Rim Adjustment at OVD
Flat even contact along entire occlusal surface
EXTREMELY CRITICAL
If uneven contact, patient may be forced into eccentric position

43. Adjusting Wax Rim Height
Scribe lines parallel to opposing occlusal rim
Use as a guides during reduction

44. Eliminating Record Base or Wax Rim Interferences
Patient in Centric Position
Scribe three widely separated lines between maxillary & mandibular rims

45. Establishing OVD Remove, superimpose lines
Eliminate contacts between record bases, record base/occlusion rims/casts
Only contact should be rim to rim

46. Adjusting Occlusion Rims
Continue to adjust the rims until:
interocclusal distance is 2-4 mm
even contact along rims in centric position.

47. Excessive Occlusal Vertical Dimension
Sore muscles
Soft tissue sore spots
Rapid bone resorption
Dentures click during speech

48. Inadequate Occlusal Vertical Dimension
Collapsed Appearance - chin too close to the nose or protruding jaw
Fatigue when chewing
Sore muscles or joints

49. Hinge Axis Location Face-bow or ear-bow used
Record relationship of maxilla to transverse horizontal hinge axis of mandible

50. Hinge Axis Transferred to the articulator
Important to prevent occlusal errors, particularly when cusped teeth are used in dentures.

51. Facebow (Earbow) Transfer Mount Maxillary Cast
2 Video Clips

52. Attach cast with mounting plaster in two steps