1. Urban Poverty: A Birmingham context
Lloyd Broad
Head of European and International Affairs
Birmingham City Council
Urban Poverty: A Birmingham context
Social Affairs Forum – Lisbon April 2017

2. What I will cover….. What do we mean by Poverty – a definition?
What are the key characteristics of poverty?
- A Birmingham Context
The policy landscape
The funding landscape
Approaches to tackling Poverty
Responding to the poverty challenge

3. Poverty- a Definition?
“People are said to be living in poverty if their income and resources are so inadequate as to preclude them from having a standard of living considered acceptable in the society they live”
Agreed by the European Council – 1975
Also often measured in the context of;
Absolute Poverty - lacking means or resources for survival
Relative Poverty - comparative to an average standard of living
Income Poverty - where household income is below 60% of household median

4. So what does Poverty look like in a city?
The Picture in Birmingham….

6. Poverty and deprivation Prevalence of Birmingham’s deprivation
24%
live in the top 5% most deprived nationally
(142K people)
40%
population live in 10% most deprived nationally
(430K people)
Birmingham is ranked 9th most deprived Local Authority in England out of 354
9th
Deprivation and children
Nearly half of Birmingham under 18s live in the top 10% most deprived areas (LSOAs)
49%
There are nearly 8,000 children living in the top 1% most deprived areas in the country in Birmingham 3%

7. Migration and Integration
A city with a history of immigration
Historical
Major immigration from Ireland following famine ( )
Jewish fleeing religious persecution in 18th & 19th centuries
Fleeing Conflict
Conflict leads to many nationalities seeking refuge or asylum in Birmingham. Including Balkans, East Africa, Iraq & Afghanistan
Historic
1950s/ 60s
1990s
2000s
EU Expansion
Migration from the A8 European Countries joining EU in 2004 (e.g. Poland)
Post WWII
Increased employment attracting Commonwealth of Nations / Asian sub continent

8. Health Inequalities Childhood Obesity 11% 25% +125% 9% 19% +103% +22%
Reception
4-5 yrs
Year 6
10-11 yrs
Growth
% +/-
Birmingham
11%
25%
+125%
England 9%
19%
+103%
+22%
+34%
% +/-
Rounded to nearest %
Source: PHIT Team

9. Worklessness, Unemployment & Jobs

10. Skills
The level of skills in the Birmingham population are much lower than average.
Over 17% of residents have no formal qualifications

11. Population Growth and Housing
The population growth seen in last 10 years coupled with the future projections for the City’s population there is a pressing need to address issues of overcrowding and the provision of jobs.
The publication of the Office of National Statistics revised population projections show that Birmingham’s population will grow by up to 150,000 between 2011 and 2031.
On the basis of these latest population and household projections Birmingham’s Strategic Housing Market Assessment concludes that the number of households in the City will increase by around 80,000 over the period to 2031.
150,000
By 2031
80,000
By 2031
2.6 people
Birmingham has higher average household size than England and Wales average
12%
12.4% households are classed as overcrowded above the 8.7% average across England and Wales

12. Homelessness State of play in Birmingham:
20,000 households each year are homeless, at risk of becoming homeless or transitioning out of homelessness
Council and commissioned services collectively respond to over 14,000 household contacts per year
78% of statutory homeless applicants have dependent children
52% of homeless and in priority need were female lone parents
90% of applicants are of working age (18-64), mostly below 35 years old
Almost 26% are in priority need and homeless because of domestic abuse or violence and harassment.

15. The Policy Journey Leipzig Charter – 2007 Lisbon Strategy – 2008
New Skills for New Jobs – 2008
EU Charter of Fundamental Rights – 2009
Toledo Declaration – 2010
Europe 2020 Strategy – 2010
- European Platform Against Poverty and Social Exclusion
Social Investment Package – 2013
European Minimum Income Network (EMIN)- 2013/14
Annual Convention for Inclusive Growth – 2016
European Pillar of Social Rights – 2016
Plus countless other Directives and Council Recommendations…….

16. The Funding Landscape

18. EU Funding and Poverty URBAN POVERTY EGF for Citizens (CIP) EaSI ESF
Progress
Erasmus +
FEAD
DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion
Creative Europe
DG Health and Consumers
DG Education and Culture
EU Aid
Volunteers
Health
Programme
URBAN POVERTY
DG Economic and Financial Affairs
DG Justice
Daphne
Connecting
Europe
Justice Programme
Europe
for Citizens
DG Internal Market, Industry
DG Regional Policy
COSME
DG Environment
(CIP)
ERDF
DG Energy
INTERREG
URBACT
Horizon 2020
COST
Solidarity Fund

19. Policy approaches to tackling Poverty
Area-Based Approach People-Based Approach
An Integrated Approach

20. Responding to the Poverty Challenge
Better outcomes
Better community engagement and inclusion
Better
knowledge
URBAN POVERTY:
What do we need to do better?
Better Integrated Policy
Better Integrated Funding
Better Integrated Actions
Better Integrated actions
Better
understanding of needs
Better partnership working
Better Integrated funding instruments
Better Coordinated approaches
Better Integrated policy responses

21. Thank you!
Lloyd Broad