1. The Cold War

2. In this lesson you will learn:
How the United States felt about the Soviet Union and How the Soviet’s felt about the U.S before WWII.
Which general felt that the Allied army should unite and fight the oncoming Soviet Red Army
How each side felt about each other after the war ended in 1945.

3. Causes of the Cold War in 1945
What happened to Germany after WWII
What the Allies believed Germany could become after the war.
How Russia treated Germany after WWII
What was the Marshal Plan
What problem Stalin saw in Berlin

4. What did Stalin do to Berlin
What was the Berlin Airlift
What does the name “Cold War” mean
What were some of the crises that occurred during the Cold War
Why were these two super powers so distrustful of the other

5. 1.
Before the war (WWII) America had depicted the Soviet Union as almost the devil-incarnate. The Soviet Union had depicted America likewise so their ‘friendship’ during the war was simply the result of having a mutual enemy - Nazi Germany.

7. 2.
In fact, one of America’s leading generals, Patton, stated that he felt that the Allied army should unite and fight the oncoming Soviet Red Army.

9. Logic would dictate that as the USA and the USSR fought as allies during World War Two, their relationship after the war would be firm and friendly. This never happened and any appearance that these two powers were friendly during the war is illusory.

11. 3.
So this was the scene after the war ended in Both sides distrusted the other. One had a vast army in the field (the Soviet Union with its Red Army) while the other, the Americans had the most powerful weapon in the world, the A-bomb and the Soviets had no way on knowing how many America had.

12. Little Boy

17. 4. Causes of the Cold War in 1945
American fear of communist attack
Truman’s dislike of Stalin
Russia’s fear of the American's atomic bomb 
Russia’s dislike of capitalism
Russia’s actions in the Soviet zone of Germany
America’s refusal to share nuclear secrets
Russia’s expansion west into Eastern Europe and broken election promises
Russia’s fear of American attack
Russia’s need for a secure western border
Russia’s aim of spreading world communism

18. 5.
The victorious forces at the end of the war divided Germany into four zones.  They also divided the capital Berlin into four zones. Each of the victorious nations controlled one zone and one sector of Berlin.

19. The original Allied plan to govern Germany as a single unit through the Allied Control Council broke down in due to growing tensions between the West and the Soviet Union

22. 6
The Allies (Britain, America and France) ran their zones differently to the areas controlled by Russia. The Allies believed that a strong Germany would enable democracy to prosper after the years of Nazi dictatorship.

23. 7.
Russia wanted to keep Germany as weak as possible to ensure that Russia itself was never attacked again by Germany. They also took from their zones whatever was needed by Russia so that it could be used in Russia itself. This way, Russia could start to rebuild itself at Germany's expense and the Germans would be kept poor.

24. 8.
In 1947, the Marshall Plan began and was designed to give billions of dollars to assist the recovery of Europe. The Soviets, however, refused to accept any Marshall aid, as did their allies in Eastern Europe.

27. The biggest problem for Stalin was that the German people of the Russian controlled block could not see the prosperity that was occurring in the other zones -

28. 9.
but they could see the difference in Berlin as three of the zones in Berlin were controlled by the Allies and prospered accordingly. Therefore, to Stalin, the Allies being in Berlin was the problem. He needed to remove them

29. 10.
Stalin responded by blocking access to Berlin, which was deep within the Soviet zone although subject to four-power control. The Soviets cut off all rail and road routes to West Berlin. No trucks or trains were allowed entry into the city.

30. 11.
Truman embarked on a highly visible move that would humiliate the Soviets internationally: flying supplies in over the blockade during Military confrontation loomed while Truman flew supplies through East Germany into West Berlin during the blockade. This costly aerial supplying of West Berlin became known as the Berlin Airlift.

31. 12.
The Cold War is the name given to the relationship that developed primarily between the USA and the USSR after World War Two. (from the mid-1940s until the early 1990s)Throughout the period, the rivalry between the two superpowers was played out in multiple arenas: military coalitions; ideology, psychology, and espionage; military, industrial, and technological developments, including the space race; costly defense spending; a massive conventional and nuclear arms race; and many proxy wars.

32. 13.
The Cold War was to dominate international affairs for decades and many major crises occurred - the Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam, Hungary and the Berlin Wall being just some. For many the growth in weapons of mass destruction was the most worrying issue.

33. In diplomatic terms there are three types of war.
Hot War : this is actual warfare. All talks have failed and the armies are fighting.
Warm War : this is where talks are still going on and there would always be a chance of a peaceful outcome but armies, navies etc. are being fully mobilized and war plans are being put into operation ready for the command to fight.

34. Cold War : this term is used to describe the relationship between America and the Soviet Union 1945 to 1980’s. Neither side ever fought the other - the consequences would be too appalling - but they did ‘fight’ for their beliefs using client states who fought for their beliefs on their behalf e.g. South Vietnam was anticommunist and was supplied by America during the war while North Vietnam was pro-Communist and fought the south (and the Americans) using weapons from communist Russia or communist China.

35. In Afghanistan, the Americans supplied the rebel Afghans after the Soviet Union invaded in 1979 while they never physically involved themselves thus avoiding a direct clash with the Soviet Union.

36. 14. So why were these two super powers so distrustful of the other?

37. America
Free elections
Democratic
Capitalist
‘Survival of the fittest’
Richest world power
Personal freedom
Freedom of the media
Soviet Union
No elections or fixed
Autocratic / Dictatorship
Communist
Everybody helps everybody
Poor economic base
Society controlled by the NKVD (secret police)
Total censorship

38. This lack of mutually understanding an alien culture, would lead the world down a very dangerous path - Berlin, Korea, the Arms Race, Hungary, Cuba, Vietnam. It also lead to the development of weapons of awesome destructive capability and the creation of some intriguing policies such as MAD - Mutually Assured Destruction.

39. The doctrine assumes that each side has enough nuclear weaponry to destroy the other side and that either side, if attacked for any reason by the other, would retaliate with equal or greater force. The expected result is an immediate escalation resulting in both combatants' total and assured destruction .