1. Joint Injuries

2. Sprain General Info: Definition: stretch or tear in the ligament
Most common injury in sports
Most common sprain is the ankle
Sprains vary in severity
Definition: stretch or tear in the ligament

3. Signs/Symptoms:
Pain, swelling, bruising, lose of movement, hear or feel a pop, point tenderness
These differ between each injury and each person

4. * Loss of Function: Mild
* Ligament Damage: Mild
* Range of Motion: Not effected
Grade 1
* Edema: Mild
Grade 2
* Loss of Function: Moderate
* Ligament Damage: Moderate
* Range of Motion: Not Effected
* Edema: Moderate
Grade 3
* Loss of Function: Complete
* Ligament Damage: Severe
* Range of Motion: Increased or Decreased
* Edema: Sever

5. Treatment: PRICE (Protect, Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate
How to protect?

6. TIME Treatment: AFTER!!!! Bruising, swelling, etc is gone
Strengthening
Flexibility exercises
Brace will prevent not cure
TIME
Surgery sometimes

7. Prevention: What do you do? Appropriate equipment
If still weak, preventative taping
What do you do?
Give Ice
Try and stabilize the joint (Splint)

8. Tendonitis Background on Tendons
Vary in size such as ones in your fingers vs. your Achilles Tendon
When normal, they glide easily and smoothly as the muscle contracts
If Tendon is injured – effects the movement of the muscle
Definition: Inflammation of the tendon
Most common cause? Overuse

9. Signs/Symptoms
Pain and inflammation
Increases pain with use of muscle

10. Treatment: Prevention What do you do? Avoid using the tendon
Anti-inflammatory
Ice
Physical Therapy
Prevention
Slowly increase the intensity
What do you do?
Give Ice
Not much more, tell them to play to pain or not play at all

11. Ruptured Tendon
Definition: A tear in the tendon either partial or complete
Signs/symptoms:
Pain, loss of movement, swelling

12. Treatment: Prevention: What do you do? Rest but most the time surgery
Always properly stretch
Don’t overstretch
What do you do?
Keep in mind your patient will be in a lot of pain
Do NOT do anything to injure more or cause more pain
Try and stabilize the entire area to prevent further pain and injury

13. Bursitis Definition: inflammation of a bursa
Its function is to reduce friction at joint
They are located everywhere in body
Most common sites for bursitis are hip, knee, elbow & heel
When bursa is inflamed, it loses its ability to glide
Causes: repetitive movement, excessive pressure

14. Signs & Symptoms Treatment Prevention
Joint pain, can be worse at night
Treatment
Rest
Doctor can drain the bursa or inject cortisone
Prevention
Strengthen the muscles surrounding it
Avoid repetitive movements

15. Dislocation
Definition: separation of a joint and malposition of the joint
Causes: force that causes the joint to beyond the normal anatomical limits
It is common that a fracture and torn ligaments also occur
Signs/Symptoms:
PAIN!!!, deformity, complete loss of motion

17. Treatment Prevention What do you do? Reset it (It hurts really bad)
Treat the other injuries that go with it
Prevention
Wear preventative gear (Skeleton in football)
Strengthen the muscles at that joint
What do you do?
DON’T!!!!! try and touch it, move it, or set
Splint or brace to secure the entire area to prevent further injury or pain
Monitor pulse for blood flow
Monitor nerve sensation

18. Subluxation Definition: a partial dislocation Signs/Symptoms:
Common in shoulder, rare anywhere else
The humerus pulls out of socket but is still lined up
Signs/Symptoms:
Pain, weakness, dead arm
They will complain that it pop out and went back in

19. Treatment: What do you do? Physical therapy to strengthen joint
Brace to prevent dislocation until the ligament are tight again
What do you do?
Ice
Splint shoulder to prevent any movement

20. Synovitis Definition: Inflammation of the synovial membrane Causes:
overuse
Signs/Symptoms:
Pain, swelling
Increased pain with movement

21. Treatment: What do you do? If no swelling, Heat packs
If swollen, ICE until edema is gone then heat
What do you do?
Ice it

22. Just a Note For disorders such as tendonitis, bursitis, and synovitis…
They look the same and only a MRI will determine what the actual injury is

23. Arthritis Definition: inflammation of the whole joint
Not a sports medicine issue, but it is a disorder of the joint that shows later in life due to earlier joint injuries
Involves all the tissues of the joint
No cure

24. Gout
Definition: accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints of the feet (toes)
Not a sports medicine issue

25. Rheumatoid Arthritis
Definition: connective tissue at the joint is severely inflamed. Destroys the joints
Cause is unknown
Synovial membranes grow abnormally