1. Famous Scientist Unit Ancient Scientists Archimedes 287 -212 B.C
Democritus
B.C.
Aristotle – 322 B.C.
Hippocrates
460 – 370 B.C.
Ancient Scientists

2. Famous Scientists Notes
I. Ancient Scientists
1. Aristotle (384 B.C B.C) Most influential, least scientific.
a) (~350 B.C.) Heavier objects fall faster then lighter ones.
Aristotle's most famous student
was Alexander the Great.

3. b) Only 4 elements: earth, air, fire and water.
c) The earth was the center of the universe.
The belief’s of Aristotle stayed with us until the Renaissance.
Aristotle's method of drawing conclusions without experimentation is known as Induction

4. Output
Aristotle
Pick one of Aristotle’s misconceptions about science and draw a picture recreating it

5. 2. Democritus (460- 370 B.C.) (~430 B.C.) All matter was
made up of tiny pieces
called "atoms”
460 B.C. – 370 B.C.
Aristotle (384 B.C B.C) disagreed with Democritus, he proposed that matter was uniform throughout and not composed of smaller particles.
Democritus was among the first to propose that the universe contains many worlds, some of them inhabited

6. Father of Experimental Science
3. Archimedes (287 B.C. – 212 B.C.)
The density of an object is linked to its mass and volume, called Archimedes Principle (~250 B.C.)
As the object submerges the liquid is displaced. (pushed upward)

7. b) Discoveries include: Archimedes screw, levers, lasers, catapults
Archimedes discovered the principle of the lever and the importance of the fulcrum, stating imperiously, "Give me a lever and I can move the earth".
From Plutarch (Greek, c AD)

8. Output
Archimedes
Pick one of Archimedes contributions to science and draw a picture recreating it

9. Father of Modern Medicine
4. Hippocrates (460 B.C. – 370 B.C.)
First to believe diseases were caused naturally, not because of superstition and gods.
The Hippocratic Oath, document on the ethics of medical practice.

10. Renaissance Scientists
Galileo
Nicholas Copernicus
Renaissance Scientists
Johannes Kepler
Isaac Newton
Part 1

11. Renaissance Scientists
II. Renaissance Scientists
1. Nicholas Copernicus ( )
a The Heliocentric theory contradicted the idea’s of Ptolemy and Aristotle. (De Revolutionibus)
He worked on the book for 15 years before it was published.
He received a copy of the book on his death bed.

12. Draw/Sketch the Heliocentric Theory. (sun centered)
Output
Copernicus
Draw/Sketch the Heliocentric Theory. (sun centered)

13. 2. Galileo Galilei ( )
a. Pioneered “the experimental scientific method"
b. (1610) Improved the telescope.

14. c. Galileo proved that objects fall. at the same rate regardless of
c. Galileo proved that objects fall at the same rate regardless of their weight.

15. d. Galileo discovered 4 moons circling around Jupiter
d. Galileo discovered 4 moons circling around Jupiter. Support to the Heliocentric Theory.

16. Output
Galileo
Pick one of Galileo contributions to science and draw a picture recreating it
Starter Gailileo

17. With only limited visibility telescopes.
3. Johannes Kepler (1571 – 1630) a) he published the “Three Laws of Planetary Motion” Planets move in ellipses.
Copernicus incorrectly proposed that planets move in circles around the sun
With only limited visibility telescopes.
The known planets were: Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Venus, and Mercury

18. a) Inventions, Science, Arts, Anatomy
4. Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)
a) Inventions, Science, Arts, Anatomy
Painted the Mona Lisa in (most famous painting)
Historians regard Leonardo as the prime exemplar of the "Universal Genius" or "Renaissance Man", an individual of "unquenchable curiosity" and "feverishly inventive imagination"

19. Pick one of Leonardo’s contributions draw a picture recreating it
Output
Leonardo da Vinci
Pick one of Leonardo’s contributions draw a picture recreating it

20. 5. Isaac Newton (1642 – 1727) a) 1687 published his book
called the Principia.
Newton was knighted by Queen Anne and became Sir Isaac Newton in 1705.

21. Invented reflecting telescope (1668)
b) Discoveries:
The 3 Laws of Motion
Light/Optics
Law of Gravity
Invented calculus
Invented reflecting telescope (1668)
Newton suffered a mental breakdown in 1675 and was still recovering through 1679.

22. Output
Newton
Pick one of Newton’s contributions to science and draw a picture recreating it

23. Famous Scientist Industrial Revolution
Benjamin Franklin
Louis Pasteur
Marie Curie
Dmitri Mendeleev
Charles Darwin
1843—1907
1867—1934

24. III. Industrial Revolution
1. Ben Franklin ( )
Properties of electricity (1751) (kite)
Inventions: bifocals, lighting rod
He charted the Gulf Stream during his numerous trips across the Atlantic Ocean!
He also was the only one to notice that there was a dramatic change in the climate,
due to a huge volcanic eruption in Iceland.

25. Output
Ben Franklin
Pick one of Franklin’s contributions to science and draw a picture recreating it

26. 2. Dmitri Mendeleev (1843 – 1907)
Founder of the Periodic Table (1869) arranged elements, left gaps for future elements.
During his time only around 60 known elements

27. 1862 Pasteurization: The process of heating to kill the “microbes”.
3. Louis Pasteur ( )
1862 Pasteurization: The process
of heating to kill the “microbes”.
b) Pasteur founded the science of
microbiology.
Pasteur also invented the anthrax vaccine, the chicken cholera vaccine, and the rabies vaccine.
These discoveries made him so famous that he was able to build an institute in Paris for research, teaching, and treating disease. Inaugurated in 1888, the Pasteur Institute ranks as one of the foremost research centers in the world.

28. Output
Louis Pasteur
Pick one of Pasteur's contributions to science and draw a picture recreating it

29. 4. Charles Darwin ( )
a) On the Origin of Species was published in Theory of Natural Selection.
HMS Beagle 1831 – 1836

30. a) In 1898 discovered two radioactive elements: Radium and Polonium
5. Marie Curie 1867—1934
a) In 1898 discovered two radioactive
elements: Radium and Polonium
b) Won two Nobel prizes.
7 tons of pitchblende rock for 1 grams of radium
Radium is 1 million times more radioactive than uranium
Radium was discovered in 1898, but not isolated until 1911
She developed and instituted the use of X-ray machines in World War I.

31. 20th Century Scientists Henry Mosley Niels Bohr 1887 – 1915
1885 – 1962
Alfred Wegener
Albert Einstein
Stephen Hawking (1942- )
(1880 – 1930)

32. IV. 20th Century Scientist
1. Niels Bohr (1885 – 1962)
a) In 1913, Developed the most widely accepted atomic model.
(Bohr’s Model/Solar System Model)
He won the 1922 Nobel Prize for physics
( )
1890’s
1913

33. 2. Alfred Wegener (1880 – 1930)
a) In 1912, proposed the
theory of continental drift.

34. James Watson (b. 1928) together (1953)
3. Francis Crick ( ) and
James Watson (b. 1928) together (1953)
discovered the double helix structure
of DNA, the "blueprint of life."
a) Rosalind Franklin( )
provided the x-ray photograph
Deoxyribonucleic acid 

35. In 1905, Special Theory of Relativity E=mc2
E = Energy
m=mass
c = Speed of light
4. Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955)
In 1905, Special Theory of Relativity
E=mc2
b) In 1916, explained gravity as a
warping in space.
"I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones."

36. 5. Henry Moseley (1887 – 1915)
a) (1913) Developed the “modern” periodic table.
b) Nobel prize candidate 1916

37. b) He was 21 when diagnosed with ALS.
6. Stephen Hawking (1942 –
a) Brief History of Time, was published in Originated the field of cosmology.
b) He was 21 when diagnosed with ALS.
Cosmology science that combines the theory of the structure and evolution of the universe.
ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) is characterized by progressive degeneration of the motor cells in the brain and spinal cord.  The motor cells control the muscles that enable us to move around, speak, breathe and swallow.  With no nerves to activate them, muscles gradually weaken and waste.  In most cases it does not affect intellect, memory or the senses.
Born 300 years to the day after Galileo Died

38. c) Proved the universe was growing (more galaxies)
d) He proved the existence of black holes (1971)
Cosmology science that combines the theory of the structure and evolution of the universe.
ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) is characterized by progressive degeneration of the motor cells in the brain and spinal cord.  The motor cells control the muscles that enable us to move around, speak, breathe and swallow.  With no nerves to activate them, muscles gradually weaken and waste.  In most cases it does not affect intellect, memory or the senses.
Born 300 years to the day after Galileo Died