1. Topic 2 – Cognitive Psychology
Lesson six: Explanation of Long Term Memory – episodic and semantic memory Tulving, 1972)

2. Tulving (1972) Episodic and semantic memory
This is the third model of memory we will look at
Tulving proposed that LTM memory was divided into two memory stores: episodic and semantic memory
Each store is qualitatively different in terms of the nature of stored memories, time referencing, associations between memories, and the nature of retrieving/recalling information
What is semantic?
What is episodic?

3. Nature of semantic and episodic memory
Semantic memory: Examples?
Tulving – mental encyclopaedia
Words, facts, rules
Meanings and concepts organises as a body of knowledge
Memories associated with other facts that link the concepts together
Your own examples?
E.g. school and learning
These links are based on memories of facts that have been leaned at some earlier time
June follows may on the calendar
Episodic:
Tulving – mental diary
Receives and stores information about experiences of events that occur at a time in our life
Linked to time and context

4. Episodic and sematic memory
Each store is qualitatively different in terms of the nature of stored memories, time referencing, associations between memories, and the nature of retrieving/recalling information
Time referencing
Episodic
Sematic
Spatial referencing
Retrieval
Including forgetting
semantic
Are the stores interrelated?
Using page 100. identify the differences between episodic and sematic using these four headings.
Using different colours/highlighters identify the differences under each heading

5. Evaluation
Supporting evidence suggests the disassociation between sematic and episodic memory
Suggests one store can be affected without affecting the other
Ostergaard (1987)
Summarise and explain how it supports Tulving’s theory regarding semantic and episodic
KC case study
Summarise and explain how it supports
Criticise supporting evidence
(using individual differences box)

6. Application – why is this explanation useful?
Pg. 101 –wider issues and debates
Cue dependent recall
Kenealy (1997)
How can this be useful?

7. Reductionism pg. 102
Case studies such as HM and Clive Wearing highlight limitations
Why?
Also page 102 (last two paragraphs)
Can you identify the problems and relate them to reductionism?

8. H/W tasks
One strength and one weakness (4 marks) Choose the ‘strongest’ evaluation points P C
Consolidation of the differences between episodic and semantic
Diagram or table (pg. 101)