1. Excel AVERAGEIF Function

2. Excel AVERAGEIF Function
Purpose 
Get the average of numbers that meet criteria
Return value 
A number representing the average.
Syntax 
=AVERAGEIF (range, criteria, [average_range])
Arguments 
range - One or more cells, including numbers or names, arrays, or references.
criteria - A number, expression, cell reference, or text.
average_range - [optional] The cells to average.
When omitted, range is used.

3. Excel AVERAGEIF Function
Usage notes 
AVERAGEIF computes the average of the numbers in a range that meet the supplied criteria. If average_range is not supplied, the cells inrange are averaged. If average_range is supplied, cells cells inaverage_range that correspond to cells in range are averaged.
To determine which cells are averaged, criteria is applied to range.Criteria can be supplied as numbers, strings, or references. For example, valid criteria could be 10, "10" ">10", or A1.

4. Excel AVERAGEIF Function
Notes:
Cells in range that contain TRUE or FALSE are ignored.
Empty cells are ignored in range and average_range when calculating averages.
AVERAGEIF returns #DIV/0! if no cells in range meet criteria.
Average_range does not have to be the same size as range. The top left cell in average_range is used as the starting point, and cells that correspond to cells in range are averaged.
AVERAGEIF allows the wildcard characters question mark (?) and asterisk (*), in criteria. The ? matches any single character and the * matches any sequence of characters. To find a literal ? or *, use a tilde (~) before the character, i.e. ~* and ~?.

5. Excel AVERAGEIF Function

6. Excel AVERAGEIFs Function

7. Excel AVERAGEIFS Function
Purpose 
Average cells that match multiple criteria
Return value 
The average of the cells that meet all criteria
Syntax 
=AVERAGEIFS (avg_rng, range1, criteria1, [range2], [criteria2], ...)
Arguments 
avg_rng - The range to average.
range1 - The first range to evaulate.
criteria1 - The criteria to use on range1.
range2 - [optional] The second range to evaluate.
criteria2 - [optional] The criteria to use on range2.

8. Excel AVERAGEIFS Function
Usage notes 
AVERAGEIFS averages cells in a range that match
supplied criteria. Unlike the AVERAGEIF function,
AVERAGEIFS can apply more than one set of criteria, with more than one range. The first range is the range to be averages. The criteria is supplied in pairs (range/criteria) and only the first pair is required. For each additional criteria, supply an additional range/criteria pair. Up to 127 range/criteria pairs are allowed.
Note that the order of arguments is different between the AVERAGEIFS and AVERAGEIF functions. The range to average is the first argument in AVERAGEIFS, but the third argument in AVERAGEIF.

9. Excel AVERAGEIFS Function
Notes:
AVERAGEIFS returns the #DIV0! error value when no criteria are met
Each additional range must have the same number of rows and columns as the avg_range.
Non-numeric criteria needs to be enclosed in double quotes but numeric criteria does not. For example: 100, "100", ">32", "jim", or A1 (where A1 contains a number).
The wildcard characters ? and * can be used in criteria. A question mark matches any one character and an asterisk matches any sequence of characters.
To find a literal question mark or asterisk, use a tilde (~) in front question mark or asterisk (i.e. ~?, ~*).

10. Excel AVERAGEIFS Function

11. Excel COUNT Function

12. Excel COUNT Function Purpose Count numbers Return value
A number representing a count of numbers.
Syntax 
=COUNT (value1, [value2], ...)
Arguments 
value1 - An item, cell reference, or range.
value2 - [optional] An item, cell reference, or range.

13. Excel COUNT Function Usage notes Notes
The COUNT function counts the number of numbers in supplied 
values. Values can be items, cell references, or ranges. For example, =COUNT(1, 2, "apple") returns 2. And COUNT(A1:A10) will count the number of numeric values in the range A1:A10.
Count can handle up to 255 additional values.
Use COUNTA to include text and logical values. Use COUNTIF to count based on criteria.
Notes
Error values or text values that cannot be coerced into numbers are not counted
The logical values TRUE and FALSE are not counted.
Empty cells and text are not counted.

14. Excel COUNTA Function

15. Excel COUNTA Function Purpose Count the number of non-blank cells
Return value 
A number representing non-blank cells.
Syntax 
=COUNTA (value1, [value2], ...)
Arguments 
value1 - An item, cell reference, or range.
value2 - [optional] An item, cell reference, or range.

16. Excel COUNTA Function Usage notes
Use the COUNTA function to count cells that contain numbers, text, logical values, error values, and empty text (""). COUNTA does not count empty cells.
COUNTA will also count items. For example, =COUNTA("a",1,2,3,"") returns 5.
Use COUNT to count numeric values only.
Count can handle up to 255 values.

17. Excel COUNTBLANK Function

18. Excel COUNTBLANK Function
Purpose 
Count cells that are blank
Return value 
A number representing blank cells
Syntax 
=COUNTBLANK (range)
Arguments 
range - The range in which to count blank cells.

19. Excel COUNTBLANK Function
Usage notes 
Use the COUNTBLANK function to count blank cells in a range. For example, COUNTBLANK(A1:A10) will count the number of blank cells in the range A1:A10.
COUNTBLANK counts the number of cells in the range that don't contain any value and returns this number as the result. Cells that contain, text, numbers, errors, etc. are not counted.
Cells that contain formulas that return empty text ("") are considered blank and will be counted.
Cells that contain zero are considered not blank and will not be counted.

20. Excel COUNTIF Function

21. Excel COUNTIF Function
Purpose 
Count cells that match criteria
Return value 
A number representing cells counted.
Syntax 
=COUNTIF (range, criteria)
Arguments 
range - The range of cells to count.
criteria - The criteria that controls which cells should be counted.
Usage notes 
The COUNTIF function in Excel counts the number of cells in a range that match the supplied criteria

22. Excel COUNTIF Function
Non-numeric criteria needs to be enclosed in double quotes but numeric criteria does not:
=COUNTIF(A1:A10,100) // count cells equal to 100 =COUNTIF(A1:A10,">32") // count cells greater than 32 =COUNTIF(A1:A10,"jim") // count cells equal to "jim" =COUNTIF(A1:A10,"<"&B1) // count cells less than value in B1
The wildcard characters ? and * can be used in criteria. A question mark matches any one character and an asterisk matches any sequence of characters.
To find a literal question mark or asterisk, use a tilde (~) in front question mark or asterisk (i.e. ~?, ~*).
See links on this page to more examples with detailed explanations.

23. Excel COUNTIF Function

24. Excel COUNTIFS Function

25. Excel COUNTIFS Function
Purpose 
Count cells that match multiple criteria
Return value 
The number of times criteria are met
Syntax 
=COUNTIFS (range1, criteria1, [range2], [criteria2], ...)
Arguments 
range1 - The first range to evaluate.
criteria1 - The criteria to use on range1.
range2 - [optional] The second range to evaluate.
criteria2 - [optional] The criteria to use on range2.

26. Excel COUNTIFS Function
Usage notes 
COUNTIFS counts the number of cells in a range that match supplied criteria. Unlike the COUNTIF function, COUNTIFS can apply more than one set of criteria, with more than one range. Ranges and criteria are applied in pairs, and only the first pair is required. For each additional criteria, you must supply another range/criteria pairs. Up to 127 range/criteria pairs are allowed.

27. Excel COUNTIFS Function
Notes:
Each additional range must have the same number of rows and columns as range 1, but ranges do not need to be adjacent. If you supply ranges with a mismatch, you'll get a #VALUE error.
Non-numeric criteria needs to be enclosed in double quotes but numeric criteria does not. For example: 100, "100", ">32", "jim", or A1 (where A1 contains a number).
The wildcard characters ? and * can be used in criteria. A question mark matches any one character and an asterisk matches any sequence of characters.
To find a literal question mark or asterisk, use a tilde (~) in front question mark or asterisk (i.e. ~?, ~*).

28. Excel COUNTIFS Function

29. Excel FREQUENCY Function

30. Excel FREQUENCY Function
Purpose 
Get the frequency of values in a data set
Return value 
A vertical array of frequencies
Syntax 
=FREQUENCY (data_array, bins_array)
Arguments 
data_array - An array of values for which you want to get frequencies.
bins_array - An array of intervals ("bins") for grouping values.

31. Excel FREQUENCY Function
Usage notes 
You can use Excel's FREQUENCY function to create a frequency distribution - a summary table that shows the frequency (count) of each value in a range.  FREQUENCY counts how often values occur in a set of data. It returns a vertical array of numbers that represent frequencies.
Notes:
Because FREQUENCY always returns an array, it needs to be entered as an array formula or with other functions that handle the array.
FREQUENCY always returns an array with one more item than the bins_array. This is by design, to catch any values greater than the largest interval in the bins_array.

32. Excel FREQUENCY Function
To create a frequency distribution using FREQUENCY:
Enter numbers that represent the bins you want to group values into
Make a selection the same size as the range that contains bins, or one greater if want to include the extra item
Enter the FREQUENCY function as an array formula using Control+Shift+Enter

33. Excel LARGE Function

34. Excel LARGE Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments
Get the nth largest value
Return value 
The nth largest value in the array.
Syntax 
=LARGE (array, n)
Arguments 
array - The array from which you want to select the kth largest value.
n - An integer that specifies the position from the largest value, i.e. the nth position.

35. Excel LARGE Function Usage notes
The LARGE function is useful when you want to retrieve  the nth highest value from a set of data — for example, the first, second, or third highest scores for a test. Like the SMALL function, the LARGE function retrieves numeric values based on their position in a list when sorted by value.
Note: Microsoft documentation refers to "k" instead of "n". We use n because "nth" is much easier to say.

36. Excel LARGE Function

37. Excel MAX Function

38. Excel MAX Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments Usage notes
Get the largest value
Return value 
The largest value in the array.
Syntax 
=MAX (array)
Arguments 
array - The array from which you want to select the largest value.
Usage notes 
The MAX function is useful when you want to retrieve the largest value from a set of data. For example, the highest score in a test.
array can be an array constant or a range of cells.

39. Excel MAX Function

40. Excel MEDIAN Function

41. Excel MEDIAN Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments
Get the median of a group of numbers
Return value 
A number representing the median.
Syntax 
=MEDIAN (number1, [number2], ...)
Arguments 
number1 - A number or cell reference that refers to numeric values.
number2 - [optional] A number or cell reference that refers to numeric values.

42. Excel MEDIAN Function Usage notes
The MEDIAN function returns the median (middle number) in a group of supplied arguments. For example, =MEDIAN(1,2,3,4,5) returns 3.
When the total number of supplied numbers is odd, the median is calculated as the middle number in the group. When the total number of supplied numbers is even, the median is calculated as the average of the two numbers in the middle.
Numbers can be supplied as numbers, ranges, named ranges, or cell references that contain numeric values. Up to 255 numbers can be supplied.

43. Excel MIN Function

44. Excel MIN Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments Usage notes
Get the smallest value.
Return value 
The smallest value in the array.
Syntax 
=MIN (array)
Arguments 
array - The array from which you want to select the largest value.
Usage notes 
The MIN function is useful when you want to retrieve the smallest value from a set of data. For example, the fastest time in a race.
array can be an array constant or a range of cells.

45. Excel MIN Function

46. Excel MODE Function

47. Excel MODE Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments
Get the mode of a group of numbers
Return value 
A number representing the mode.
Syntax 
=MODE (number1, [number2], ...)
Arguments 
number1 - A number or cell reference that refers to numeric values.
number2 - [optional] A number or cell reference that refers to numeric values.

48. Excel MODE Function Usage notes
The MODE function returns the mode (most frequently occurring number) in a group of supplied arguments. For example, =MODE(1,2,4,4,5,5,5,6) returns 5.
Numbers can be supplied as numbers, ranges, named ranges, or cell references that contain numeric values. Up to 255 numbers can be supplied.
If the set of supplied numbers does not contain any duplicates, MODE will return #N/A
Note: MODE is now classified as a "compatibility function". Microsoft recommends that MODE.SNGL or MODE.MULTI be used instead.

49. Excel QUARTILE Function

50. Excel QUARTILE Function
Purpose 
Get the quartile in a data set
Return value 
Value for requested quartile
Syntax 
=Quartile (array, quart)
Arguments 
array - A reference containing data to analyze.
quart - The quartile value to return.

51. Excel QUARTILE Function
Usage notes 
Use the QUARTILE function to get the quartile for a given set of data. QUARTILE takes two arguments, the array containing numeric data to analyze, and quart, indicating which quartile value to return. The QUARTILE function accepts 5 values for the quart argument, as shown the in the table below.
Quart
Return value
Min value 1
First quartile – 25th percentile 2
Median value – 50th percentile 3
Third quartile – 75th percentile 4
Max value

52. Excel QUARTILE Function

53. Excel RANK Function

54. Excel RANK Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments
Rank a number against a range of numbers
Return value 
A number that indicates rank.
Syntax 
=RANK (number, array, [order])
Arguments 
number - The number to rank.
array - An array that contains the numbers to rank against.
order - [optional] Whether to rank in ascending or descending order.

55. Excel RANK Function Usage notes
Use RANK when you want to provide a rank for items in a list, but you don't want to sort the list.
The default for order  is 0 = descending order:
If order is 0 or omitted, number is ranked by position against the numbers in array sorted in descending order.
If order is 1, then number is ranked by position against the numbers inarray sorted in ascending order.

56. Excel RANK Function

57. Excel SMALL Function

58. Excel SMALL Function Purpose Get the nth smallest value Return value
The nth smallest value in the array.
Syntax 
=SMALL (array, n)
Arguments 
array - A range of cells from which to extract smallest values.
n - An integer that specifies the position from the smallest value, i.e. the nth position.

59. Excel SMALL Function Usage notes
The SMALL function is useful when you want to retrieve the nth lowest value from a set of data — for example, the first, second, or third fastest times in a race.
Like LARGE, the SMALL function retrieves numeric values based on theirposition in a list when sorted by value.
Note: Microsoft documentation refers to "k" instead of "n". We use n because "nth" is much easier to say.

60. Excel SMALL Function

61. Excel STDEV Function

62. Excel STDEV Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments Usage notes
Get the standard deviation in a sample
Return value 
Estimated standard deviation
Syntax 
=STDEV (number1, [number2], ...)
Arguments 
number1 - First number or reference in the sample.
number2 - [optional] Second number or reference.
Usage notes 
The STDEV function calculates the standard deviation in a sample set of data.

63. Excel STDEV Function Notes:
Note: STDEV has been replaced with a newer function called STDEV.S, which has identical behavior. Although STDEV still exists for backwards compatibility, Microsoft recommends that people use the newer STDEV.S function instead.
Notes:
STDEV calculates standard deviation using the "n-1" method.
STDEV assumes your data is a sample only. When your data is complete (i.e. when your data representations the entire population), calculate standard deviation using the STDEVP function (or it's more current replacement, the STDEV.P function).

64. Excel STDEV Function
Numbers are supplied as arguments. They can be supplied as actual numbers, ranges, arrays, or references that contain numbers.
The STDEV function will include numbers entered as text and logical values when they are entered directly as arguments. However, when an argument is an array or reference, empty cells, logical values, text, and error values are ignored.
When you want to include logical values and/or numbers as text in a reference, use the STDEVA function.

65. Excel STDEV Function

66. Excel STDEV.P Function

67. Excel STDEV.P Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments
Get standard deviation of population
Return value 
Estimated standard deviation
Syntax 
=STDEV.P (number1, [number2], ...)
Arguments 
number1 - First number or reference in the sample.
number2 - [optional] Second number or reference.
Usage notes 
The STDEV.P function calculates the standard deviation in a sample set of data.

68. Excel STDEV.P Function
Standard deviation is a measure of how much variance there is in
a set of numbers compared to the average (mean) of the numbers.
Note: STDEV.P replaces the STDEVP function, with identical behavior. Although STDEVP still exists for backwards compatibility, Microsoft recommends that people use the newer STDEV.P function instead.
Notes:
STDEV.P calculates standard deviation using the "n" method, ignoring logical values and text.
STDEV.P assumes your data is the entire population. When your data is a sample set only, calculate standard deviation using the STDEV.S function.
Numbers are supplied as arguments. They can be supplied as actual numbers, ranges, arrays, or references that contain numbers.
The STDEV.P function ignores logical values and text. If  you want to include logical values and/or numbers as text in a reference, use the STDEVA function.

69. Excel STDEV.P Function