1. Organism Interactions and Energy Connections

2. Energy Connections
All living things need energy to survive.

3. What is energy?
The energy living things need comes from carbon-compounds, or organic compounds.
Organic compounds: molecules that contain a carbon atom
Carbohydrates: glucose, starch, cellulose (mostly plants)
Proteins: the muscles of animals (steak!)
Fats: in muscle of animal tissues (fatty steak!)

4. Food Chains
A food chain shows the flow of energy between the organisms in an environment

5. Food Chains
Notice that the arrow points from the organism being eaten to the organism that eats it.
Like the burger you eat goes into you
Plants  Cow (burger)  Human

6. What do the arrows in the food chain below indicate?
Sunlight
Energy flow
Heat transfer
Toxins

7. What do the arrows in the food chain below indicate?
Energy flow

8. Food Webs
When we put many food chains together in one ecosystem, it is called a food web.

9. Energy Moves in a Food Web
Other animals get energy from the fat and protein in other animals
Some animals get energy from plants
Plants make glucose from light

10. There are two groups that organisms are divided into in any ecosystem based upon how they obtain energy.
use sunlight directly to make their own food.

11. Producers- use sunlight directly to make their own food.
PHOTOSYNTHETIC

12. Parts of a Food Web
Where are the producers in the food web below?

13. Two groups of organisms based on energy consumption.
Producers- use sunlight directly to make their own food.
Organisms that eat producers or other organisms for energy.

14. Consumers- Organisms that eat producers or other organisms for energy.

15. Two groups of organisms based on energy consumption.
Producers- use sunlight directly to make their own food.
Consumers- Organisms that eat producers or other organisms for energy.

16. Parts of a Food Web
Where are the consumers in the food web below?

17. Consumers are Divided into Five Categories
consumer that eats plants.

18. Consumers are Divided into Five Categories
Herbivore consumer that eats plants.
consumer that eats animals.

19. Consumers are Divided into Five Categories
Herbivore- consumer that eats plants.
Carnivore- consumer that eats animals.
consumer that eats both plants and animals.

20. Consumers are Divided into Five Categories
Herbivore- consumer that eats plants.
Carnivore- consumer that eats animals.
Omnivore consumer that eats both plants and animals.

21. Consumers are Divided into Five Categories
animals that feed on the bodies of dead animals.

22. Consumers are Divided into Five Categories
Scavengers- animals that feed on the bodies of dead animals.
____________ - organisms that get their energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms.

23. Consumers are Divided into Five Categories
Scavengers- animals that feed on the bodies of dead animals.
Decomposers - organisms that get their energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms.

24. Decomposers
Are essential to any ecosystem because they are nature’s recyclers.
Decomposition

25. Two groups of organisms based on energy consumption.
Producers- use sunlight directly to make their own food.
Consumers- Organisms that eat producers or other organisms for energy.
Herbivores
Carnivores
Omnivores
Scavengers
Decomposers

26. Energy Pyramids
Energy Pyramids are diagrams shaped like a triangle that shows the loss of energy at each level of the food chain.

27. 4 Energy Pyramid Labels Tertiary Consumers Secondary Consumers
Each Level is called a Trophic Level and represents the total amount of available energy AND biomass in each level.
Tertiary Consumers
Secondary Consumers
How many trophic levels are represented?
Primary Consumers 4
Why not more?
Producers 27

28. Tertiary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Primary Consumer
Producer

29. Trophic levels represent a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem. Each Trophic Level is the total amount of energy and biomass in all organisms at one level in the food web.
Biomass- the amount of organic matter (nutrients) comprising a group of organisms in a habitat.

30. Energy Pyramids Less Energy More Energy
Only energy stored in tissues of an organism can be transferred to the next level.
As you move up a food chain, both available energy and biomass decrease.
Energy and biomass are transferred upwards but are diminished with each transfer. The higher up in the pyramid an organism is, the more they must eat to obtain energy.
Less Energy
More Energy 30

31. Energy Flow

32. Energy Transfer (percents)
We can say that the energy transfer from level to level is inefficient
(not a lot of the energy at each level makes it up)
0.1% 1%
10%
100% 32

33. Energy Transfer (calories)
This means that there can’t be many levels in a food web or pyramid
The amount of energy decreases, and it cannot typically support organisms at higher levels than tertiary consumer
1 calorie
10 calories
100 calories
1,000 calories 33

34. 1. Why is there a limited number of energy levels in an energy pyramid or food web?
Energy transfer is very efficient
Energy is captured as heat
Energy transfer is inefficient
Energy is not transferred in a food web

35. 2. How is energy stored and transferred in an ecosystem?
In light
In oxygen and carbon dioxide
In carbon compounds like glucose
In the process of decomposition

36. 3. Which of the following organisms is a primary consumer in the ecosystem shown?
Hawk
Rabbit
Mountain lion
Frog

37. Population Impacts in a Food Web
If the population of organisms at any level of the food web changes, it will affect the population at other levels

38. Population Impacts in a Food Web
If the population of producers decreases, then the population of primary consumers will decrease if they don’t have enough food.

39. Population Impacts in a Food Web
If the population of primary consumers decreases, then…
The producers will increase because there are less consumers eating them
The secondary consumers will decrease because there is less food for them

40. Which organism would be most affected if the cricket population decreased?
Snake
Deer
Frog
Hawk

41. How does energy enter the food web?

42. Better question… where does the weight of a producer come from?
How does this become this?

43. Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis: a process that occurs in producers and converts light, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose (sugar) and oxygen.

44. Sunlight
Glucose
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Water

45. More Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the air.
The carbon dioxide in the air is the building block for glucose.
The light energy helps bond CO2 and H2O together to make glucose.

46. The Carbon Cycle

47. Carbon Cycle Carbon is found throughout the environment
Carbon is found in the atmosphere and in water as carbon dioxide (CO2)
Carbon is found in organisms as organic molecules, like glucose (sugars) and fats
Carbon is found buried in the ground as fossil fuels

48. Carbon Cycle Carbon is cycled, or moves
Atmosphere: Carbon is in the form of CO2

49. CO2

50. Carbon Cycle
2) Producers: Use photosynthesis to make sugars from CO2 in the atmosphere (carbon is moved!)

51. C6H12O6

52. Carbon Cycle
3) Consumers: Eat organic molecules and release CO2 into the atmosphere during respiration, or die and go into the soil

53. CO2

55. Carbon Cycle
4) Soil: decomposers break down organisms, releasing carbon into the atmosphere OR trapping it in the ground (fossils)

57. Carbon Cycle
5) Fossil Fuels: carbon from some dead organisms are trapped as fossil fuel until we burn it

59. Pop Quiz Time: Hope you were paying attention
Get out a clean sheet of paper and number it 1 -10

60. 1. What do the arrows in the food chain below indicate?
Sunlight
Energy flow
Heat transfer
Toxins

61. 2. The diagram below represents a
a. Food chain b. Food Web c. Energy Pyramid d. Nutrition web

62. 3. Which of the following organisms is a primary consumer?
Mouse
Snake
Mountain Lion
Frog

63. 4. What is the source of energy for all the organisms below?
The Hawk
Grass
Decomposers
Sun

64. 5. At what level is there the LEAST amount of available energy?D C B A

65. 6. Which organism would be most affected if the cricket population decreased?
Snake
Deer
Frog
Hawk

66. The process of cellular respiration B. The process of photosynthesis
7. How does energy enter a food chain?
The process of cellular respiration
B. The process of photosynthesis
C. Decomposers make the energy
D. None of the above

67. By breaking down dead organisms From the sun
8. Where do plants get Carbon molecules needed for photosynthesis?
From the earth
From the atmosphere
By breaking down dead organisms
From the sun

68. 9. An iguana that feeds on cabbage, carrots, crickets, and meal worms as a regular diet would be considered a
Carnivore
Herbivore
Omnivore
Decomposer

69. 10. What term describes the organism below?
Scavenger
Decomposer
Producer
Herbivore