1. Mirrors and Lenses

2. Pinholes
A ________ can be used to form an image without a lens or mirror.
pinhole
Light rays from point source
screen

3. Image formation with a Pinhole camera
Light source
Dark room = Camera
Image is _______ if pinhole is larger
Image is ________ if pinhole is smaller
Image is __________ is pinhole is smaller
fuzzy
sharper
dimmer

4. We can use the _____________.
How does light interact with pinholes?
How does light interact with lenses?
___________
How does light interact with mirrors?
We can use the _____________.
Refraction
Reflection
photon model

5. Mirrors
Flat
Concave
Convex

7. Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
The Law of Reflection
Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
In other words, light gets reflected from a surface at the same angle it hits it.
The same !!!

8. Clear vs. Diffuse Reflection
Smooth, shiny surfaces have a clear reflection:
Rough, dull surfaces have a diffuse reflection.
Diffuse reflection is when light is scattered in different directions

9. The Law of Reflection
For reflection the _____________ qi equals the _______________ qr:
qi = qr
incident angle
reflected angle
The angles are measured relative to the _________, shown here as a dotted line.
normal

10. Forming Images with a Plane Mirror
A mirror is an object that reflects light. A _______ mirror is simply a flat mirror.
Consider an object placed at point P in front of a plane mirror. An image will be formed at point P´ behind the mirror.
do = distance from object to mirror
di = distance from image to mirror
ho = height of object
hi = height of image hi ho do di
For a plane mirror:
do = -di and ho =hi

11. Images
An image is formed at the point where the rays of light leaving a single point on an object either _________ intersect or from where they ________ to originate.
actually
appear

12. Images
If the light rays actually do intersect, then the image is a __________. If the light only appears to be coming from a point, but is not physically there, then the image is a _____________.
real image
virtual image

13. Spherical Mirrors
A _________ _______ has a surface shape with radius of curvature R. There are two types of spherical mirrors: _______ and _______.
spherical
mirror
________
concave
concave
convex
________
convex

14. Focal Point
When ________ rays (e.g. rays from a distance source) are incident upon a spherical mirror, the reflected rays ________ at the _________ F, a distance R/2 from the mirror.
parallel
intersect
focal point
For a ________ _______, the focal point is in front of the mirror (_____).
concave
mirror
real

15. Focal Point
For a ____________, the focal point is behind the mirror (________).
convex mirror
The incident rays ______ from the _______ _______, but they trace back to the focal point F.
diverge
virtual
convex
mirror

16. Focal Length
The _______________is the distance from the surface of the mirror to the focal point. It can be shown that the focal length is half the radius of curvature of the mirror.
Sign Convention: the focal length is negative if the focal point is behind the mirror.
For a concave mirror, f = ____
For a convex mirror, f =  ___ (R always +)
focal length (f)
½ R
½ R

17. Lenses
Concave
Convex
Refraction

18. Reflection and Refraction
When a light ray travels from one medium to another, part of the incident light is _________ and part of the light is _____________ at the boundary between the two media.
The transmitted part is said to be __________ in the second medium.
reflected
transmitted
refracted
incident ray
reflected ray
refracted ray

20. Red Light
Red Light
Red Light

21. Lenses
Light is reflected from a mirror. Light is __________ through a lens.
refracted

22. Focal Point
The ___________ of a lens is the place where parallel rays incident upon the lens ________.
focal point
converge
_______________
Converging lens
______________
Diverging lens

23. Focal Length

24. http://www. physics. odu
26: Geometrical Optics