1. Plant Growth and Reproduction
Chapter 3
Plant Growth and Reproduction

2. Vascular and Nonvascular Plants
Lesson 1
How do plants grow?
Vascular and Nonvascular Plants
What do we know about plant growth?
How do plants grow?
What are roots?
How do roots help a tree grow?
How do plants reproduce?
What is photosynthesis?
Why is photosynthesis important to plants?
Lima Bean Seedling

3. Parts of a Plant
Leaves
Stem
Roots

4. Vascu l ar
Vascular Tissue in Vascular Plants – supports plants and carries water and food - - roots, stems, and leaves all contain vascular tissue.
Xylem – carries water and nutrients UP from roots to other parts of a plant
Phloem – carries food from leaves DOWN to the rest of the plant
Duckweed
Redwood Tree
Cactus
Orchid

5. Nonvascular Plants – Non-vascular
anchored in the ground by small, rootlike structures that are not roots.
have parts that look like stems, but they are not stems.
have small, leaflike structures that are not true leaves - they do not have vascular tissue
absorbs water and nutrients from their surroundings
food and nutrients travel from cell to cell
cannot grow tall
moss

6. Roots Absorb water and nutrients from the soil by their roothairs
Are the plant’s anchor
Are adapted to the environment and the needs of the plant
Taproot – one large root that pushes deep into the soil
Fibrous roots – thin, branching roots that form a mat below the surface of the ground – holds the plant in the soil and keeps the soil from washing away
Some roots act as food storage structures
Taproot - carrots
Fibrous roots - grass

7. Stems Carry water and nutrients just like the roots do
Are pipelines between the roots and leaves
Provides support for the plants

8. Leaves Manufacture food by absorbing sunlight – called photosynthesis
Chloroplasts contain a green pigment that absorbs the sunlight
Leaves absorb carbon dioxide from the air
Xylem cells bring water from the roots
Why are plant leaves flat?

9. How do plants grow? Lesson 2

10. Photosynthesis

11. Seedless Plant Reproduction
Even though moss is non-vascular and ferns are vascular, they reproduce in similar ways.
A zygote is formed after fertilization takes place
The zygote becomes a sporophyte
Spores are released from the sporophyte
Gametophytes grow from spores
Female gametophytes produce eggs
Male gametophytes produce sperm
Male gametophytes travel to female gametophytes either by wind or water so that fertilization can take place

12. Seed Plant Reproduction - 1
Gymnosperms – produces seeds that are “naked” because they only have a seed coat NOT a fruit.
Pollen is produced in male cones.
Ovules are produced at the base of the scales in female cones.
After fertilization - seeds develop on the scales of the female cone.
When the cone matures the scales open and the seeds are released into the wind.
If the seed lands in a suitable habitat, a new tree grows.

13. Seed Plant Reproduction 2
Pistil
Angiosperms – flowering plants where the seeds are protected by a fruit
Parts of the Flower

14. Seed Plant Reproduction
Pollen is produced on the anthers in fully developed flowers.
Wind, or bees and animals, transfer the pollen to the stigma’s sticky surface.
A pollen tube develops.
The embryo develops in the ovule – the ovule becomes the seed coat, and the ovary becomes the fruit.
Humans, animals, wind, and water disperse the seeds so they can grow into new plants.

15. FUN FACT: Potato Reproduction
The easiest way to grow new potatoes is to cut off their “eye” and plant it in the ground. A new plant will form and new potatoes will grow in its root system.

16. Hydroponic Farming: Farms of the Future
No soil – only water and nutrients!!
By the way, all three of these pictures were taken in Disney World – EPCOT.