1. Applications of laser electron accelerators in the range MeV to VHEE radiotherapy G. Grittani, T. Levato, C. Lazzarini and G. Korn ELI-Beamlines, Dolni Brezany (Czech Republic) VHEE’17 Workshop, STFC Daresbury Laboratory,

2. OUTLINE OF THE TALK Laser Plasma Accelerators and ELI-Beamlines
Finding the niche for LPA
InstantDose

3. OUTLINE OF THE TALK Laser Plasma Accelerators and ELI-Beamlines
Finding the niche for LPA
InstantDose

4. LASER PLASMA ACCELERATORS
To use plasma as an accelerating medium was firstly proposed to achieve higher accelerating gradients.
In 2004, first quasimonoenergetic bunches have been accelerated with gradients exceeding 100 MV/mm.
RF accelerators
Laser Plasma Accelerators
Energy
Scalable, with accelerating gradients up to 100 MV/m. Energy spread as low as 0.1%.
High gradients higher than 100 MV/mm, but energy gain in single stage limited to few GeV. Energy spread of 1 %.
Current
Peak current limited by the time duration of the bunch, but high average current thanks to the higher frequency.
Peak current of few kA, but average current at the nA level for high energies.
Quality
Very low (µrad) divergence and pointing instability.
Beam divergence and pointing stability at the mrad level. Shot-to-shot fluctuations of beam parameters.
Synchro
Synchronization with other beams limited to the ps level.
Synchronization with a laser or radiation beam up to fs level.

5. ELI-BEAMLINES
High repetition rate secondary radiation sources by femtosecond lasers:
- XUV and X-ray sources (broadband and monoenergetic)
Electrons (broadband and quasi-monoenergetic, up to 10 GeV)
Protons and heavy ions (1-100 MeV/u)
Gamma ray sources (broadband and quasi-monoenergetic)

6. High flexibility experimental platform @ LWFA
THE HELL BEAMLINE
Auxiliary movable chamber
Main chamber
End-station
for users
L3 laser: 1 PW
30 J in 30 fs
@ 10 Hz
Counter-propagating beam (not during commisioning)
----- Meeting Notes (21/04/17 00:04) -----
3 INDEPENDENT DELAY LINES
CHAMBER DESIGN FINALIZED AND TENDERING
SUPER FLEXIBLE END-STATION FOR EXTERNAL USERS
MOVABLE 2ND CHAMBER
ns beam
High flexibility experimental LWFA

7. STATE OF THE ART Energy control Charge control Stability
Colliding pulse injection
SMLWFA / Bubble
Longitudinal self-injection
Multi-stage acceleration
Ionization injection
Density ramp

8. STABLE LASER PLASMA ACCELERATOR
Energy stability = 2.5%
Charge stability = 12%

9. INNOVATIVE ACCELERATOR

10. OUTLINE OF THE TALK Laser Plasma Accelerators and ELI-Beamlines
Finding the niche for LPA
InstantDose

11. Radioisotope production
APPLICATION OF LPA
They have to take advantage of compactness and/or high peak current and/or fs synchronization
Physics
Cancer Therapy
Radioisotope production
Irradiators
QED
VHEE
Localized production
Cutting and welding
Imaging
Radiobiology
Electron radiography
Ultrafast femtochemistry

12. QED

13. RADIOBIOLOGY

14. ELECTRON RADIOGRAPHY

15. Outline of the talk Laser Plasma Accelerators and ELI-Beamlines
Finding the niche for LPA
InstantDose

16. TEAM Gabriele Maria Grittani Tadzio Levato Carlo Maria Lazzarini
Project Leader
Tadzio Levato
Research Leader
Carlo Maria Lazzarini
Researcher
Georg Korn
Senior Chief Scientist
Tomas Mann
Business Management

17. RADIOTHERAPY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Radiotherapy is a treatment involving the use of high energy radiation
Particle accelerators
vs.
Radioactive sources
Main cancer diagnosis
New cases/year
Radiotherapy
treatments
Lung
6242
38,3%
Breast (females)
5628
82%
Prostate
4289
39%
Rectum
2211
82,8%
Corpus uteri
1734
58,6%
Cervix uteri
1033
78,7%
Other without skin
53522
43,0%

18. ASSESSMENT OF VHEE

19. ASSESSMENT OF VHEE Penumbra ≡ distance between 80%
and 20% of dose maximum at a given depth
Dose in the channel vs. Dose outside the channel
Electrons
Gammas
Protons
Energy (MeV)
Dose inside
Dose outside
100
0.3523
0.6477 1
0.4782
0.5218 60
0.6147
0.3853
200
0.4491
0.5509 6
0.4046
0.5954
120
0.552
0.448
300
0.4936
0.5064 10
0.3597
0.6403
180
0.4639
0.5361
400
0.5144
0.4856 18
0.318
0.682
250
0.3711
0.6289
700
0.3009
0.6991 25
0.3053
0.6947
1000
0.1912
0.8088 50
0.2772
0.7228
depth (cm)
100 MeV electron
6 MeV gamma 2
0.49 cm
0.65 cm 4
0.53 cm
0.61 cm 6
0.64 cm
0.68 cm 7
0.86 cm
0.67 cm
depth (cm)
200 MeV electron
10 MeV gamma
2.5
0.49 cm
0.65 cm 5
0.51 cm
7.5
0.56 cm
0.75 cm 10
0.67 cm
0.87 cm
depth (cm)
300 MeV electron
18 MeV gamma 5
0.49 cm
0.67 cm
7.5
0.52 cm
0.74 cm 10
0.56 cm
0.72 cm
12.5
0.64 cm
0.76 cm
depth (cm)
400 MeV electron
25 MeV gamma
50 MeV gamma 6 cm
0.63 cm
0.66 cm 10 cm
0.74 cm
0.67 cm 14 cm
0.73 cm
0.72 cm 18 cm
0.89 cm
0.75 cm

20. INITIAL VALUE PROPOSITION
Radio-frequency accelerators
Laser-Plasma accelerators
Price: 4 Million USD
Beam Energy: 6-20 MV
Energy gain: 10 MV in 1 meter
Discrete dose range
Hz, <1 mGy/pulse
Treatment time 5-10 minutes
Very complex systems
Old technology, very reliable
Price: <2 Million USD CHEAPER
Beam Energy: up to 300 MV BETTER
Energy gain: 100 MV in 1 mm
Continuous dose range
50 Hz frequency, 100 mGy/pulse
Treatment time <1 minute FASTER
More simple systems
New technology

21. VALIDATION OF THE IDEA (iterative process)
MEDICAL PEOPLE
COMMERCIAL PARTNERS
More than 20 doctors from 4 different institutions
Imaging needed
Radioisotope production
Device better for lung cancer than for prostate cancer
Shielding
Weight
More accurate treatment (margin reduction)
Rental model is very welcome at the hospitals
Software is crucial
Need to talk with SURO
Laser manufacturer has capability of maximum 5 devices/year
The laser system we are asking is commercially available
Discount of 30% for 3+ laser system/year
Joint Venture in Czech Republic if more than 5 devices/year
Diagnostic manufacturer can get public funding for R&D
Diagnostic are edge of state of the art
Diagnostic will cost 1 M€/device

22. THE IDEA X 20 times EXTERNAL X-RAY LPA
Everything happens in less than 100 ms!
On-line target region imaging
Planned treatment Real treatment

23. INSTANTDOSE HIGHEST DOSE RATE ON THE MARKET REAL-TIME IMAGING
(>20 mGy in less than 1 ps)
REAL-TIME IMAGING
(time resolution <100 ms)
TUNABLE ELECTRON ENERGY
(100 different beams in the range MeV)
HIGH CUSTOMIZATION
(# radiation sources, complex geometry)
LOWER COMPLEXITY
(no high vacuum, no complex electronics)
LONGER LIFETIME
(lifetime >10 years with minor replacements)
EXTREMELY VERSATILE
(dosimetry tests, biomedical research, radioisotope production)
LOW FREQUENCY
(<10 Hz)
INCREASED SHIELDING
(higher electron energy)
BEAM STABILITY
(shot-to-shot fluctuations)
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT RISKS
(device automation, increased costs)

24. Future development: POTENTIAL UPGRADES MRI imaging Implementation
Sterilization
in-house
Radioisotope
Production
In-house
Additional
particles

25. PROJECT STATUS AND ROADMAP
IP Protection
Patent filed in June 2016
Technical design
Doctor’s opinion
6 M Euro
Beta-Prototype at 50 MeV, 20 mGy/pulse
Software development
Certification
10 M Euro
Final Prototype at 300 MeV, 100 mGy/pulse
Medical tests
7 years

26. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

27. DIAGNOSTICS TEST AT ELETTRA
Spectrum and charge calibration
Radiation damage
Lanex Regular was burn in 2 hours
CCD camera lost 10% of its pixel in 2 days of operation

28. INSTANTDOSE Pulsed Radiation Source Fast-imaging system
On-line target region imaging
Radiation Pulse Parameters
Planned treatment Real treatment