1. Tumors of eye

2. Orbital tumors Malignant Begin rabdomyosarcoma Dermoid cyst Mucocele
Hemangioma
Lymphangioma

3. Benign tumors of the orbit
can develop from infancy and grow rapidly or slowly
It can be superficial and easily identifiable by external presentation, palpation and x – rays or CT scan
Symptoms – proptosis can been seen, visual impairment
Examples – dermoid cysts, mucocele, hemangiomas, lymphangiomas, lacrimal tumors and neurofibromas

4. Mucocele – any dilatation with accumulation of mucus
Dermoid cyst – overgrowth of normal, noncancerous tissues comprised of skin, hair and fat
Lymphangiomas – malformations of the lymphatic system
Hemangiomas
Treatment – excision or resection (removal of a portion or all of an organ) and dissection.

5. Malignant tumors of the orbit
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common
It is a type of sarcoma (cancer of connective tissues)
Symptoms –
sudden painless proptosis of one eye followed by lid swelling, conjunctival chemosis, and impairment of ocular motility
Treatment – surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy

7. Eye lid tumors Malignant Basel cell carcinoma Squamus cell carcinoma
Malignant melanoma
Benign
Nevus (plural - nevi)
Hemangiomas
Milia
Xanthelasma
Molluscum contagiousum

8. Benign tumors of the eyelids
Nevus – sharp circumscribed and chronic lesions of the skin or mucosa
Hemangiomas –tumor of the endothelial cells(which lines the blood vessels) that may be bright, superficial, strawberry red lesions or bluish and purplish deeper lesions
Milia – milk spot or oil seed - keratin filled cyst, small, white, slightly elevated cysts of the eyelid
Xanthelasma – yellowish, lipid deposits on both lids near the inner angle of the eye
Molluscum contagiosum – it’s a viral infection involves mucous membranes caused by poxvirus. The lesions are flesh colored

9. Treatment –
Corticosteroid injection to the hemangioma
Astringent (silver nitrate, pottasium permanganate, zinc oxide)chemicals applied to the surface of molluscum lesions
Surgical excision
Electrocautery – also known as thermal cautery in which direct current is passes through a electrode to the affected area and destruct the unwanted cells.

10. Malignant tumors of the eyelid
Basal cell carcinoma – most common
Painless nodule that may ulcerate
Lesion may invasive, spreads to the surrounding tissues, grows slowly but does not metastasize
Usually appear on the lower lid margin near the inner canthus with pearly white margin

11. Squamous cell carcinoma – less frequent
Resemble basal cell carcinoma
Grows slowly and painlessly
Ulcerate and invade the surrounding tissues
It can metastasize to the regional lymph nodes
Malignant melanoma –type of skin cancer which forms from melanocytes (pigment containing cells in the skin)can arise form nevi
Spreads to the surrounding tissues and metastasizes to other organs

12. Treatment
Excision of these carcinomas followed by reconstruction with skin grafting

13. Conjunctiva – tumors Benign Conjunctival nevus Dermolipoma Papillomas
Malignant
Conjunctival carcinoma
Malignant melanoma

14. Benign tumors of the conjunctiva
Dermolipoma- congenital tumor – smooth, rounded growth of fatty tissue in the conjunctiva near the lateral canthus
Conjunctival nevus
Congenital, benign neoplasm
Papillomas – soft irregular projections which appear on the lid margins
It is flat, slightly elevated, brown spot that becomes pigmented
Treatment – surgical excision

15. Malignant tumors of the conjunctiva
Conjunctival carcinoma – gelatinous and whitish due to keratin formation
Treatment – surgical incision and excision
Radiation therapy, chemotherapy, cryotherapy – uses cryoprob to freezes and thus destroying the unwanted cells
They grow gradually and there will be deep invasion
Metastasis is rare
Malignant melanoma – rare but arise from pre- existing nevus

16. Globe – tumors
Malignant
Retinoblastoma
Occular melanoma

17. Malignant tumors of the globe
Retinoblastoma – occurs in childhood and hereditary
Initial leukocoria or white pupil with peculiar light reflection and possible strabismus
Associated with Uveitis, glaucoma, hyphema (pooling of blood inside the anterior chamber of the eye), nystagmus, and periorbital cellulitis
Treatment - enucleation

18. Ocular melanoma Rare, malignant choroidal tumor
Blurred vision, change in eye color
Metastatic to liver, lung and breast
Treatment – enucleation

19. Treatment Laser therapy, Radiotherapy
Enucleation, Evisceration ,Exenteration
Iridectomy - Removal of the affected piece of the iris
Choroidectomy - Removal of the choroid layer (the vascular tissue layer between the sclera and the retina)
Iridocyclectomy - Removal of the iris plus the ciliary body muscle.
Eyewall resection - Cutting into the eye to remove a tumor e.g. melanoma. This operation can be quite difficult to perform.
Chemotherapy