1. Chapter 16
Section 1
France

2. What are the Nordic nations?
Focus Question
What are the Nordic nations?

3. France France has no problems with national identity
Don’t like outsiders
Don’t want to be like anyone else
France is divided into 4 Regions
Northern France
Southwest France
Mediterranean France
Eastern France

4. Northern France Interior of France Paris Lille
Commercial, political, cultural, and economic center of France
Center of trade and commerce
Lille
Coal, textile mills, factories, and other industries

5. Southwest France Warm air and dry soils Crops Physical Features Grapes
Vineyards
Bordeaux
Physical Features
Massif Central and the Alps
Covers 1/6 the land

6. Mediterranean France Known for its Beaches and Tourism Main Crop
Known as the French Riviera
Best beaches in Europe
Warm tropical climates
Main Crop
Lavender
Commerce
Contains the largest ports in France
Oil Refining plants and Oil Tankers
Fishing

7. East France Rhine Valley Region is known for industry Alsace Lorraine
Rhine River
Largest and most important water way in France
Region is known for industry
Textiles
Alsace Lorraine
Contains Frances largest iron deposits and major ports

8. France Strong sense of national identity Very unified
Cultural Center of France is Paris
Art Galleries and Museums
Ballets and Operas
Post WWII
France has had to make changes
Trade with outsiders
Joined the EU
Relations with the U.S. and France are strained.

9. Germany
Section 2

10. What are the 4 Regions of France?
Focus Question
What are the 4 Regions of France?

11. Germany’s Struggle for Unity
Berlin wall was built in 1961
103 miles long
Separated the west from the east
Built by the communist east
Remained until 1989
Germany has always had a problem with its national unity

12. Divided States Germany belonged to the holy Roman Empire
When Charlemagne died German states broke up and Germany was formed.
Germany united with Austria and Italy to form an Alliance
Alliance remained until the 1940’s

13. Germany declines Triple Alliance lost WWI
Germany had to pay the war reparations
Had to pay the debt
Germanys economy collapsed
People begin to starve
People loose all hope

14. Hitler Comes to Power
Germany needed a strong leader to get them out of the recession.
Hitler came to power in the 1930’s
Hitler was a brilliant man, speaker, and strategist
Got the people to believe in him
Turned against the Jew, Gypsies, and Slavs
World War II
The world became aware of Hitler's persecution
Germany was trying to take over Europe
Britain, France, Russia, US stops Germany
Post World War II
Germany once again has to pay the war debt
Germany is outcaste

15. Physical Characteristics
Mild Climate to Humid Continental
Rich soils
Good for growing crops
Deep Harbors and Ports
Shipping and exporting is essential to the economy
Berlin is the economic center
Major banks and business are located here

16. Natural Resources Cities Rhine and Elba River Coal Iron Lignite
Frankfurt- Banking capitol
Essen-Industrial capitol
Berlin
Germany Today
Very Prosperous nation
Tourist destination
Leader of the EU
Ranked 5th economically

17. Benelux Countries
Section 3

18. What was the Berlin Wall?
Focus Question
What was the Berlin Wall?

19. Benelux Countries Northern Europe 26.4 Million people Wealthy Region
Netherlands
Belgium
Luxemburg
26.4 Million people
Wealthy Region

20. Netherlands Low wet region 1/3 the country is below sea level
Dikes used to keep the water
Reclaiming land that was underwater
½ is used for agriculture
16 million people live in the Netherlands
Amsterdam is the main city
Good ports and Harbors
Connections with the rest of Europe

21. Belgium 30% of the population is French called Walloons
55% of the population is Dutch and called Flemish
Walloons vs. Flemish
Walloons controlled the government
Has strong cultural differences

22. Luxemburg 900 sq miles Independent for over 1000 years
France and Germany protect Luxemburg
One of the highest standards of living in Europe
Member of the EU
Relies on trade and their textiles

23. Section 4

24. Which nations made up the Benelux nations?
Focus Question
Which nations made up the Benelux nations?

25. Switzerland Made up of French, Germans, and Italians
Independent since 1291
1515 the last time they fought a war
Became a neutral country
Will not fight in war
Made up of 26 states (cantons)
One of the highest standards of living in the world
Have a very prosperous economy
Farming: Dairy cattle
Trade: They have limited natural resources so they rely on their goods
Watches, Chocolate, Medication, Banking
Tourism: The Swiss alps

26. Austria Boarders were created after WWI Very mountainous region
2/3 land
Most people live in the east
Rely on their trade
Chemicals, cattle, textiles, tools
Farming
Cattle
Natural Resources
Copper, tin, led, and aluminum
Tourism
Ski Resorts