1. University of North Carolina School of Information & Library Science
Reference Linking
University of North Carolina
School of Information & Library Science
INLS – Week 15 Herbert Van de Sompel
Cornell University – Computer Science
based on many presentations

2. enable the delivery of localized extended services
Part 1: general
enable the delivery of localized extended services
problem statement
the OpenURL framework
herbert van de sompel

3. the delivery of localized extended services
Part 2: specific
the delivery of localized extended services
the SFX software
herbert van de sompel

4. electronic scholarly information
A&I
e-print
FTXT
distributed
OPAC
herbert van de sompel

5. electronic scholarly information
A&I
e-print
FTXT
range of authorities, technologies
OPAC
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6. electronic scholarly information
A&I
e-print
FTXT
¡¡ challenges re integrated access !!
OPAC
FTXT
A&I
herbert van de sompel

7. linking A&I e-print FTXT OPAC FTXT A&I related information
herbert van de sompel

8. linking A&I e-print FTXT OPAC FTXT A&I ¿¿ interlink ??
herbert van de sompel

9. N ERL Z39.50 URL THIN session management authentication menu system
authorization
interlinking

10. reference linking
full text

11. reference linking
full text

12. extended services
citation databases
Ulrich’s
full text
Medline

13. citation databases
extended services
full text
Ulrich’s
PubMed

14. extended services
Who is Who
Books in Print
Amazon.com

15. linking frameworks: problems
not context-sensitive
static
herbert van de sompel

16. linking frameworks static
Biomednet, ISI Links, Ovid links, SilverLinker, IOP
via pre-computation
requires control of the information environment
foolproof links
herbert van de sompel

17. services : static & pre-computed & fool proof
static links
services : static & pre-computed & fool proof

18. static linking service
extended
services
AB12 A
server
linking service
link bundles
1234
5678
9100
M337
PO89
M654
AA66
AB12
AC44
link source PO89

19. linking frameworks static DOI/CrossRef, PubMed/PubRef
identification across resources
central database: unique identifiers & metadata
look-up facility: input metadata; output identifier
insertion of actionable identifiers in resources; identifiers point at a central resolver
herbert van de sompel

20. linking frameworks: problems
not context-sensitive
herbert van de sompel

21. localize extended services
appropriate
citation databases
localize extended services
full text
Inspec

22. action-radius restricted by business agreements not context-sensitive
default links:
restricted in nature
action-radius restricted by business agreements
not context-sensitive
resource2
resource3
default links
resource1
metadata plane
herbert van de sompel

23. not context-sensitive
linking frameworks
not context-sensitive
static
dynamic
context-sensitive
herbert van de sompel

24. links from a single resource to a single resource
Open Journals Project
links from citations in journals articles to ISI citation database
dynamic linking: insertion of links when articles are being delivered
send PDF article through proxy
on-the-fly identification of references
on-the-fly matching of references with citation database
on-the-fly insertion of link in case of match
just-in-case linking:
fool-proof
computational delay
not practical for provision of multiple services
links from a single resource to a single resource
dynamic
not context sensitive
herbert van de sompel

25. Open Citation Project
links from references in e-prints in Los Alamos arXiv
uses Open Journals technology
to extract identification from references (batch)
to prepend URL to identification (dynamic)
see demo at
links from a single resource to multiple resources
dynamic
context sensitiveness can be implemented
herbert van de sompel

26. links from a single resource to multiple resources
PubMed LinkOut
links from PubMed to other resources
static context-sensitive linking:
institutions provide links to PubMed
batch insertion of links into PubMed
institutional users register to see appropriate links
scalable?:
extension of model would require provision of links to all resources
long-term and large-scale management of links is problematic
links from a single resource to multiple resources
static
context sensitive
herbert van de sompel

27. links from multiple resources to multiple resources
OpenURL framework
links from multiple resources to multiple resources
dynamic
context sensitive
herbert van de sompel

28. metadata plane resource2 resource3 default links resource1
herbert van de sompel

29. extended services plane
component1
service
component2
OpenURL
appropriate links
resource2
resource3
default links
resource1
metadata plane
herbert van de sompel

30. the OpenURL framework A&I FTXT OPAC FTXT by value or by reference
delivery of metadata on
users’ request
OpenURL
local
service
component
FTXT
OPAC
linking server
describes context
FTXT
herbert van de sompel

31. the Ex Libris SFX server
A&I
OpenURL
one possible service component
OPAC
FTXT
FTXT
herbert van de sompel

32. the OpenURL framework A&I ) :- ) search result fetch metadata OpenURL
other
dbase
fetch metadata
local
service
component
herbert van de sompel

33. OpenURL-awareness
1. implement a technique to make a resource understand the difference between a user that has access to a service component and one that does not
herbert van de sompel

34. 1. CookiePusher, user-profiles, DLF certificate, ...
OpenURL-awareness
1. CookiePusher, user-profiles, DLF certificate, ...
herbert van de sompel

35. OpenURL-awareness
2. for users with access to a service component, provide an OpenURL for each transported metadata-object
herbert van de sompel

36. target = service component
OpenURL-awareness
2. OpenURL:
target = service component
content = elements of the metadata, in a public syntax
herbert van de sompel

37. OpenURL examples service component = http://sfx.aaa.edu/menu record =
AU Smith, Paul
ISSN
VOLUME 12
ISSUE 3
PAGES 1-8 PY
DBASE ERL-BIOSIS
DBASE-AN

38. OpenURL examples OpenURL =
OpenURL =

39. OpenURL examples service component = http://sfx.aaa.edu/menu link =
OpenURL =

40. deployment of OpenURL framework
draft OpenURL specs early 2000
lots of interest from libraries, information providers
adopted by important information providers
OpenURL fast track NISO standardization 2001
SFX server marketed by Ex Libris
DOI/CrossRef prototype

41. the OpenURL framework A&I FTXT FTXT OpenURL namespace institutional
service
component
FTXT
FTXT
A&I
OpenURL
OpenURL
FTXT

42. IOP
proxy
handle
doi link
url
herbert van de sompel

43. IOP OpenURL aware proxy handle doi link metadata doi
herbert van de sompel

44. the delivery of localized extended services
Part 2: specific
the delivery of localized extended services
the SFX software
herbert van de sompel

45. the SFX server A&I OPAC FTXT FTXT
OpenURL
one of many possible service components
OPAC
FTXT
FTXT
herbert van de sompel

46. the SFX server
1. accept OpenURL as input

47. 2. collect object-metadata: from the OpenURL [OpenURL parser]
the SFX server
2. collect object-metadata:
from the OpenURL
[OpenURL parser]
via fetch from a resource
[SourceParsers]:
per sid & per namespace
http, z39.50, OAI interface, ... fetch
parsing of reply
configuration via table

48. the SFX server
3. augment object-metadata

49. the SFX server
4. compute relevant localized extended services
[SFX database]

50. SFX base: relation between sources
services : dynamic & on-the-fly & not fool proof

51. SFX database definition of potential services
information about the local collection
rules supporting a decision on the relevance of services

52. THRESHOLDS
BIOSIS
arXiv
APS/PROLA
Inspec
Compendex
SOURCES
get_holdings
get_abstractget_full_text
cited_author
SERVICES
Medline
Inspec
Springer
Sci Cit Bas
OPAC
TARGETS
OBJECTS

53. Web of Science provides:
conceptual links
that will be formed
(for real)
if certain
requirements
(Thresholds)
are met …
COLLI
TARGETS
SOURCES
Springer provides:
getFullTxt, getTOC
MEDLINE requests:
getFullTxt
getTOC
getAuthor
getCitedAuthor
getAbstract
getWebService
getCitedReference
getCitedJournal
BIOSIS provides:
getAuthor, getAbstract
Wiley provides:
getFullTxt, getTOC
WWW Search
Engines provides:
getWebService
Web of Science provides:
getCitedReference
getCitedAuthor
getAuthor

54. 5. compute service-links [TargetParsers]
the SFX server
5. compute service-links
[TargetParsers]
Per Target/Service

55. tools for SFX-configuration
SFXCTRL:
a graphical interface for configuring:
Sources
Targets
Services [where Sources and Targets meet]
and for making small-scale edits to the SFX-base
TEMPLATES: basic, generic, flexible pre-configurations
SFXLOADER: a tool for object administration
STATISTICAL measures

56. Sources Where a user is coming from, beginning a search Examples: OPAC
A&I database
Online journal
Sources must be OpenURL-enabled!
Setting up a source involves decisions about what sources ARE available to your users and what targets and services you would like to provide to them.
[List of possible, typical SFX services]
Librarian must decide what Sources are available in the library environment and what Services would be desired by users.

57. Targets & Target/Services
Where a user “lands”
Services are the facilities:
A getAuthor service would run a search in a target on an author’s name
A getFullTxt service would link to the full text of a particular article from a Target publisher
Targets must have a link-to syntax that supports the Service
TARGETS have to be set up alongside (either before or after is OK) SOURCES. They are configured with TARGET SERVICES.
Librarian: determines which targets can be used by library, and uses SFXCTRL to specify which services should be used by SFX
For example, Springer can provide full text services for journals to which a library has a subscription, and table of contents services for journals which it doesn’t. So here, we can use SFXCTRL to configure SPRINGER as a target, and “getFullTxt” and “getTOC” as its services.
Services do not necessarily have to enable the OpenURL; however, they do have to have a discernable link-to syntax (so that a program, or “parser,” can be written for SFX to use to create a link)

58. Threshold administration
Thresholds aid in the process of evaluating the appropriateness of delivering a real link based on a conceptual link:
Objects: ISSN numbers in an A&I database
Rules: metadata needs an ISBN number

59. Templates Material to support typical or generic scenarios
Contain: services, parsers, objects and thresholds
Constantly updated and distributed by Ex Libris
Subscribing library “localizes” to match library’s subscriptions and conditions
Localization work might include comparing local subscription information to template information and editing thresholds where different; adding or removing objects, edits to target parsers.