1. MLA Basics

2. “…Taking and passing off as one’s own someone else’s work or ideas”
What is Plagiarism?
“…Taking and passing off as one’s own someone else’s work or ideas”
~ Macmillan Dictionary
ANY TIME YOU USE SOMEONE ELSE'S IDEA, cite it.

3. This is considered Cheating!

4. Already knew that? But… Did you know this was plagiarism too?
Keeping any of the same vocabulary without quotations, even if cited
Keeping the original order of ideas or sentence structure without quotations, even if cited (no cutting and pasting and using synonyms)
Parenthetical citations (in-text citations) do not lead to the right source
Inaccurately paraphrasing or misrepresenting the author’s intentions without citations.

5. What’s The Big Deal? If you plagiarize:
In the “Real World,” if you plagiarize, you may…
Be expelled from college the first time
Lose your job
Lose recommendations to another college or job
Be sued by the person whose idea you “borrowed”

6. Instead of Plagiarizing, you have 2 choices…

7. “Use A Direct Quotation”…
Use the author’s exact words in “quotation marks”
Don’t make ANY changes
Give the author’s name (Wilson 5)
In a perfect world, this is how your citation would look.
That tells your teacher/reader, “I did not write this part. These are someone else’s words.”
Ellipses can’t change the meaning!

8. No author, no page number, oh my!
If the author and page number are provided:
“He couldn’t know that at this very moment, people meeting in secret all over the country were holding up their glasses and saying in hushed voices: Harry Potter, the boy who lived” (Rowling 17).
Notice the author’s last name and page number in the parentheses. The last name is also capitalized.
The period, signaling the end of the sentence, goes after the parentheses.
No comma is placed between the author and page number.

9. No author, no page number, oh my!
For a source with three or fewer authors with a page number:
list the authors' last names in the text or in the parenthetical citation.
The authors state "Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second Amendment rights" (Smith, Yang, and Moore 76).
Notice that the author’s names are not in alphabetical order. For in-text citations, you cite the author’s last names as they appear in the article.

10. No author, no page number, oh my!
For a source with more than three authors with a page number:
Provide the first author's last name followed by et al. (Et al. is short for and others)
If the authors of the article are Jones, Smith, Yang, and Moore, you would cite the direct quotations like this:
“Legal experts counter this argument by noting that the current spike in gun violence in America compels law makers to adjust gun laws” (Jones et al. 4).
Remember, never change the order of the author’s name as they appear

11. No author, no page number, oh my!
If the author is not provided:
Use a shortened title of the work instead of an author name. (first and second word of the title) Place the title in quotation marks and provide a page number.
We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has "more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change . . ." ("Impact of " 6).

12. No author, no page number, oh my!
If the author is provided but the page number is not:
Place the author’s last name in parentheses.
“They don’t know we aren't allowed to use magic at home, so I am going to have a lot of fun with Dudley this summer” (Rowling).

13. Direct Quote Review Author and page number? Page number but no author?
(Author’s last name & page number)
(Rowling 17).
Page number but no author?
(First two words of the title, in quotes, & page number)
(“Divergent” 17).
Author but no page number?
(Author’s last name).
(Rowling)

14. Review Continued Three authors and a page number?
(All 3 authors, last names, & page number.
(Jones, Smith, Moore 45).
More than three authors and a page number?
(First author’s last name, at el., page number)
(Jones at el. 4).

15. …or Paraphrase Explain the main ideas of something you read
Write completely in your own words
Show that you understand the source
Cite the source without quotes (Wilson 5)

16. How do I paraphrase? First, READ ACTIVELY & TAKE NOTES (Annotate)
STOP after each paragraph and ask yourself, “What did I just read?”
Take notes = Write a list of the main facts.
Write ONLY things that relate to your topic.
DON’T use full sentences.

17. Then PARAPHRASE Put the source away
Write about what you read in your own words.
Pretend you’re explaining to a friend.
DON’T put anything in your paper that you don’t understand.

18. Then CITE YOUR SOURCES! Author and page #: (Martinez 5)
For websites, sometimes you don’t have a page number:
(Martinez)
Sometimes you don’t have an author either! Use the page title:
(“Pollution”)
…because the IDEA is not yours!

19. It looks like this:
Americans throw away too much trash. For example, we created 245 million tons of trash in 2006 (Parks 7). Our trash includes things like paper and food scraps that could be recycled or composted instead.

20. What if I want to use a quotation from a book or website?
Put “quotation marks…” around the author’s words in your paper
And put a citation after it like this:
“In 2006, about 245 million tons of trash were produced in the United States” (Parks 7).

21. Then Introduce & Explain your evidence in your own words:
Americans create too much waste each year. According to the book Garbage and Recycling, “In 2006, about 245 million tons of trash were produced in the United States” (Parks 7). If we keep producing so many tons of trash each year, we will run out of space in landfills, the places where we dump our garbage.
…or “according to the Environmental Protection Agency,” or “Mike Smith of Harvard University argues that…”, etc. Give a few examples of intros

22. Don’t forget to Cite Your Sources…
Which just means giving credit to the author and making it easy for the reader to find the source.

23. Creating a Works Cited Page

24. Citation Locations
Sources used to write a paper are acknowledged in two different places within the paper:
-You MUST have the sources in both places
As in-text citations within the text of the paper (parenthetical citations), and
In the Works Cited page at the end of the paper.

25. 1. In-Text Citations
-In the text of your paper, you should credit any work done by another person. -You do this by using the basic format of (Author’s Last Name Page Number). -These citations match up with the citations in your Works Cited page. Example: The writer should place the source information directly after the end of the paraphrase or quote by the source (Ratcliff 25).

26. 2. Works Cited Page
At the end of your paper, list all of the sources you used in a Works Cited page. Your sources are formatted in a specific way and are called “citations.”

27. Basic Rules
Begin your Works Cited page on a separate page at the end of your paper.
So, if you paper ends on page 5, your Works Cited page will start on page 6.
Label your Works Cited page and center it.
Do not italicize, underline, or put in quotation marks
Double space all citations, but do not skip lines between entries
Indent the second and subsequent lines of citations by 0.5 inches to create a hanging indent.

28. Hanging Indent
Highlight the citation in which you want the hanging indent.
Choose Paragraph from the Format menu.
In the Special drop-down list, choose Hanging. The By field changes to a value, most often one-half inch.
Adjust the By field to indicate how much you want each line in the paragraph (except the first) indented.
Click on OK.

29. Some exceptions to the rules…

30. Listing Author Names
All works cited entries are listed in alphabetical order
Author names are listed by:
Last name, first name, middle initial or middle names
Burke, Kenny
Levy, David M.
Wallace, David Foster
Do not list titles (Dr., Sir, Saint, etc.) or Degrees (PhD, MA, DDS, etc.) with names
Example: A book listing with the author named John Bigbrain, PhD would look this this: (Bigbrain, John)
Do include suffixes (Jr. or II).
King, Martin Luther, Jr.

31. More than one work by an author
If you have cited more than one work by an author, order the entries alphabetically by title, and use three hyphens in place of the author’s name for every entry after the first:
Burke, Kenneth. A Grammar of Motives.
---. A History of Motives.
When an author or collection editor appears as both the sole author of a text and as the first author of a group, list the solo-author entries first.
Heller, Steven. The Education of an E-Designer.
Heller, Steven, and Karen Pomeroy. Design Literacy: Understanding Graphic Design.

32. Work with no known author
When your source has no known author:
Alphabetize works with no known author by their title; use a shortened version of the title (first & second word)
Burke, Kenneth. Boring Postcards USA.
(What if no author was listed?)
Boring Postcards USA.

33. Let’s look at some examples!

34. Book Citation A book citation has six elements: Author Title
Place of Publication
Publisher
Copyright Date
Medium of Publication
Print Source, web source, tweet, , video.

35. Book Citation-How to Write
These pieces are combined in a certain order with punctuation to create the book’s citation. Basic Book Format: Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Copyright Date. Medium of Publication.

36. Citing Books
Bily, Cynthia A. The Impact of E-Waste. Chicago: Greenhaven Press, Print.
If more than one author, only reverse the first one: Bily, Cynthia A. and John Steinbeck.
Italicize the title
If more than one date, use the most recent.
Pay attention to the punctuation . : ,

37. Journal Article Citation
A journal article citation contains different elements than a book. In general, a journal citation includes the following:
Author(s)
Article Title
Journal Name
Volume Number
Issue Number
Publication Year
Page Numbers

38. These pieces are combined in a certain order with punctuation to create a journal citation. If the article is retrieved from an article database, it also needs to include the database information as shown below.
Basic Journal Format:
Author(s). " Article Title." Journal Name
Volume Number.Issue Number (Publication Year): Page Numbers. Database Name. Medium of Publication. Date of Access. <URL>. (if required)

39. Website Citations
Website citations can be very tricky. It is sometimes difficult to find all of the required information on the website. Here is some of the information to look for:
Author
Title of website
Sponsoring organization
Date updated
Medium of publication
Date of access
URL

40. Website Citation Basic Website Format:
Author(s). “Title of Website”. Sponsoring Organization. Date Published/Updated. Medium of Publication. Date of Access. <URL>.

41. The URL goes at the end, in angle brackets: < > Make sure it doesn't’turn into a blue, underlined hyperlink! If it does, hit Undo (Ctrl + Z)
“Pluto.” Solar System Exploration. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 20 July Web. 16 Oct < profile.cfm?Object=Pluto>.

42. Exceptions to the rules…
If your source does not have a publication date or publisher:
n.p. = no publisher
n.d. = no publishing date is given

43. Summing Up
To acknowledge the sources you use in your academic research papers, you must use in-text citations in the body of your paper AND a list of Works Cited at the end.

44. Formatting your Paper

45. Basic Rules Must be typed
Printed on standard, white 8.5 X 11-inch paper
Double-spaced
Times New Roman font
This is because the italics used need to be recognizable from regular print.
12 point font
Leave only one space after periods or other punctuation marks
Set the margins to 1 inch on all sides
Indent the first line of all paragraphs.
Press the tab button one time

46. Basic Rules Continued…
Create a header that numbers all of the page numbers consecutively and includes your last name.
Upper right hand corner
Huggins 1

47. The First Page You do not need a title page Double space all text
In the upper left hand corner you need the following information:
Name (First and Last) Jayne Huggins
Your Teacher’s Name Mrs. Clifton
The Course English IV
Date February 2015
Day, Month, Year

48. The first page continued…
Center your title on your page
Do NOT underline, italicize, or place your title in quotation marks
Capitalize the title
The Big Bang