1. Mitosis
Biology 1114

2. Definitions Asexual Reproduction Interphase Asters Karyotype
Cell Plate Kinetochore
Centrioles Meiosis
Centromere Metaphase
Chromatid Mitosis
Chromatin Ploidy
Chromosomes Prophase
Diplois S Phase
G1 Phase Spindle Fibers
G2 Phase Sporophyte
Gamete Synapsis
Cametophyte Telophase
Haploid Zygote

3. Two Types of Life Forms Unicellular 1. The Invisible World
2. Original Life
3. Found Everywhere
4. Photosynthesis and Decomposition
5. Potentially Immortal
Multicellular
1. Communal
2. Growth and Division Necessary

4. Cell Growth and Division
Uses Process of Mitosis
Allows for Growth from Infant to Adult
Necessary to Replace Worn Tissues
Necessary for Generating New Cells
Note: Somatic Cells reproduce by mitosis.
Sex Cells reproduce by meiosis.

5. Prokaryotic Cells are Much Simpler in their Organization than are Eukaryotes

6. Simple Prokaryotic Reproduction
Replicates
Attaches
Separates

7. Creates Genetic Equals
Advantage is that all cells are genetic equals.
Disadvantage is that all cells are genetic equals.
Binary Fission is Simple Cloning

8. Celebrity Sheep Has Died at Age 6 Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned from adult DNA, was put down by lethal injection Feb. 14, Prior to her death, Dolly had been suffering from lung cancer and crippling arthritis. Although most Finn Dorset sheep live to be 11 to 12 years of age, postmortem examination of Dolly seemed to indicate that, other than her cancer and arthritis, she appeared to be quite normal. The unnamed sheep from which Dolly was cloned had died several years prior to her creation. Dolly was a mother to six lambs, bred the old-fashioned way.

9. Eukaryotic Cell Divison and Chromatin
DNA and Histone Protein Complex
Dispersed in the Nucleus
Has Ability to Condense

10. Chromosomes
When Chromatin Condenses During Cell Divison It is Referred to as Chromosomes

12. Human Chromosomes

13. Human Karyotype

14. Mitosis
A process of forming generally similar daughter cells by replicating and dividing the original chromosomes.
Cellular division used by simple organisms.
The sequence of DNA replication, growth and cell division that cells go through.

16. Interphase No Division Occurring Metabolically Active
Nucleolus Visible
DNA and Organelles Duplicating
Nucleus is Intact
90% of Cell’s Time is Spent in Interphase

18. Prophase Nucleolus Disappears Centrioles Move to Poles
Spindle Fibers Form
Chromosomes Visible
Nuclear Membrane Disappears

19. Metaphase
Shortest Phase
Chromosomes Line up in Middle of Cell

20. Anaphase Chromosomes Separate into Separate Chromatids
Begin to Move to Opposite Ends of the Cell

21. Telophase Chromosomes Arrive at Poles Disappear into Chromatin
Spindles Disappear
Nuclear Membrane Reappears
Nucleolus Reappears

29. Review

30. Identify the Following Stage of Mitosis

31. Identify the Following Stage of Mitosis

32. Identify the Following Stage of Mitosis

33. Identify the Following Stage of Mitosis

34. Identify the Following Stage of Mitosis

35. Cancer results when normal body cells grow out of control without regulation. They can invade other tissues causing enough damage to kill the host.

37. Control of Mitosis and Cancer
6.5 Million Cases of cancer in USA Yearly
Not all Cancers are Lethal
Tumor = Mass of Cancer Cells
Benign = Remain Localized
Malignant = Escape Site and Spreading
Metastasis = Spreading
Treatment = Radiation and Chemotherapy

38. Metastasis

39. Basal Cell Carcinoma
Non-melanoma skin cancers are far more common but less dangerous than malignant melanoma and rarely fatal. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma frequently appear on sun-exposed skin after many years of exposure. This exposure also causes premature ageing of the skin. Non-malignant skin cancers are easily treated by minor surgery. If left, non-melanoma skin cancers will grow and disfigure - therefore early treatment is recommended.

40. Skin Cancer
Malignant melanoma is the rarest, but most serious form. It affects the pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) found in the skin and can appear as a new mole, or arise from an existing mole on the skin. Malignant melanoma has the potential to spread to other sites or organs within the body but is CURABLE if treated early.

41. Sunshine is the single most important causative factor in all skin cancers.

42. Skin Cancer

47. Tobacco is a Carcinogen

48. Oral Cancer Associated with Tobacco Use

50. Cigarette smokers, depending on the number of cigarettes smoked have a six-fold increase of dying from oral and pharyngial cancer as a non-smoker
Health Canada

51. Systemic Tumors

56. Cancer of the Kidney

57. Brain Cancer