1. TRANSPORT SECTOR
IN INDIA

2. INTRODUCTION
Transport is an important part of India's economy. Since the economic liberalisationof the 1990s, infrastructure development has progressed rapidly; today there is a variety of modes of transport by land, water and air. 
In ancient times, even with decent road system, there was no means for transportation and people covered long distances on foot or bullock carts.

3. EXISTING TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
India’s transport sector is large and diverse and carters to more than 1.2 billion people. Transport network is like the circulatory system of the human body that connects the people all across the country. The economy growth depends on the level of connectivity and smoothness that the transport offers to the economy.
This sector primarily comprises of four subsectors, namely;
Roads
Railways
Ports
Aviation

4. ROADS
India has a road network of over 4,689,842 kilometers (2,914,133 mi) in 2013,the second largest road network in the world . At 0.66 km of roads per square kilometer of land, the quantitative density of India's road network is similar to that of the United States (0.65) and far higher than that of China (0.16) or Brazil (0.20).
However, qualitatively India's roads are a mix of modern highways and narrow, unpaved roads, and are being improved.
India in its past did not allocate enough resources to build or maintain its road network .
This has changed since 1995, with major efforts currently underway to modernize the country's road infrastructure.

5. Generally, traffic in most of the cities in India moves slowly, where traffic jams and accidents are very common, but in some cities like Chandigarh, wide roads and less vehicles contribute to lesser traffic

6. RAILWAYS
Indian railway is the 3rd largest railway network in the world.
Total rout length is about 65400km.
It is the most popular means of transport for the common man.

7. The first modern rapid transit in India is the Kolkata Metro and started its operations in 1984,this is also the
17th Zone of the Indian Railways.
 TheDelhi Metro in New Delhi
is India's second conventional
metro and began
operations in 2002.

8. The Namma Metro in Bangalore is India's third operational rapid transit and began operations in Currently, rapid transit systems have been deployed in these cities and more are under construction or in planning in several major cities of India like Chennai which will be opened shortly.

9. PORTS The port sector was opened to private sector in 1997.
India has 12 major ports along with 187 non major ports.
Currently, there are 5 waterways which have been declared as NWs (National Waterways).

10. AVIATION
Air transport is the preferred mode of transport for long distance travel , business travel and for transport high value commodities.
AAI (Airport Authority of India) is the main organization managing 125 airports across the country.
India has become the 9th largest civil aviation market in the world.

11. Main Problems of Transport Development in India

12. Main Problems of Transport Development in India
Since 1951, the development in the transport sector is quite good
but there are many hurdles in the path of progress.
Potential rise in the passenger and freight traffic
Congested and poor quality roads
Poor connectivity with rural areas
Overburdened railway network
Explosive growth in vehicle ownership
Inadequate port infrastructure

13. Development is unbalanced. Heavy pressure on rail and road transport .
7.Faulty Planning of Transport System:
Development is unbalanced.
Heavy pressure on rail and road transport .
Lack of fast & adequate public transport.
For balanced development of region, alternative routes should be developed e.g. Metro in Delhi has decreased the pressure on road transport.
Hilly and remote areas lack all weather transport facility.

14. 8. Worn out and Obsolete Assets:
Old and worn out infrastructure.
In railways 25% of the route length and 75 to 80% of machinery in railway workshops have to be replaced.
Transport Corporations are out-dated and out modeled.
Need immediate replacement.
Main cause of accidents and environmental pollution.

15. 9. Improved technology:
Modernisation and use of latest technology in transport system is the need of hour.
Using age old technology
Road construction is of substandard and it increases over head expenditure.