1. TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN INDIA.

3. INTRODUCTION…
Transport in the Republic of India is an important part of the nation's economy.
Today in the country we have a wide variety of modes of transport by land, water and air.
Being a vast country India needs efficient and cheap transportation system

4. Importance of transport
Better utilization of the backward areas linking with the advanced areas
For rapid industrialization & urbanization
For removing the scarcity of goods
Easy movement people and bringing them in contact with each other

5. The nation has just 13 million cars on its roads which is just over 1% of the country’s population.
In addition only 10% of the Indian households own a motorcycle.
In India, public transport still remains the primary mode of transport.
Indian railways is the largest and fourth most heavily utilized system in the world.

6. TRADITIONAL MEANS Walking Palanquin Bullock carts and horse carriages
Bicycles
Hand-pulled rickshaws
Cycle rickshaws

8. Modern transportation…
These are the major means of transportation now a days:
Railways
Road ways
Air ways
Water ways

10. Railways
Indian Railways is one of the largest railways under single management.
It carries some 18 million passengers and 2 million tons of freight a day and is one of the world’s largest employer.
The railways play a leading role in carrying passengers and cargo across India's vast territory.

11. The trains were introduced by the British in 1853.
The Indian railways improved a lot from then on to become the one of the longest railway networks in the world.
There are 16 railway zones in India.
There are almost 8000 railway stations in the country.

12. Zonal Railways
Headquarters
Central Railway
Mumbai CST
Eastern Railway
Kolkata
Northern Railway
New Delhi
North Eastern Railway
Gorakhpur
North-East Frontier Railway
Maligaon (Guwahati)
Southern Railway
Chennai
South Central Railway
Secunderabad
South Eastern Railway
Western Railway
Church Gate, Mumbai
East Central Railway
Hajipur
East Coast Railway
Bhubaneswar
North Central Railway
Allahabad
North Western Railway
Jaipur
South East Central Railway
Bilaspur
South Western Railway
Hubli
West Central Railway
Jabalpur

13. The total route length of the railway network is 64,061 km (39,806 mi).
About 46% of the railway route is electrified.
The Indian railways uses 4 gauges: broad gauge, standard gauge, meter gauge, narrow gauge.

15. Notable trains and achievements…
There are two UNESCO World Heritage Sites on IR — the Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus and the Mountain railways of India.
The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, a narrow gauge railway in West Bengal.
The Nilgiri Mountain Railway, a meter gauge railway in the Nilgiri Hills in Tamil Nadu.
The Kalka-Shimla Railway, a narrow gauge railway in the Shivalik mountains in Himachal Pradesh

17. Road transport…
Roads are the dominant mode of transportation in India today.
They carry almost 90 percent of the country’s passenger traffic and 65 percent of its freight.

18. National highways
The main roads constructed & maintained by the central government
It connects ports, state capitals, industrial and tourist centres
It span about 67,000 km & handle 40% of total road traffic
National lanes have :
1.single lanes (width 3.25 m)
2. multi lanes (each have width 3.5 m)
3. 14% have 4 or more lanes & 59% have 2 lanes or double lanes
4.rest 27% single laned

19. NHAI(National Highway Authority of India)
It was constituted in 1988
It is responsible for the development , maintenance and management of National Highways
It is currently undertaking developmental activities under (National Highways Development Project)

20. Golden quadrilateral hinterland Economic benefits
It interconnects many cities & ports
It give an impetus(importance) to truck transport throughout in India
It helps in the industrial growth of small towns
It helps in the transport of agricultural produce from the hinterland to major cities and ports for export
The often uncharted areas beyond a coastal district or a river's banks.
An area surrounding a town or port and served by it.
It is the largest express highway project in India
It consists of building 5,846km of 4 & 6 lane expressways connecting Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata & Chennai
hinterland

21. Statistics…. Type of Road Length Expressways 200 km (120 mi)
National Highways
66,590 km (41,380 mi)
State Highways
131,899 km (81,958 mi)
Major District Roads
467,763 km (290,654 mi)
Rural and Other Roads
2,650,000 km (1,650,000 mi)
Total Length
3,300,000 km (2,050,000 mi) (Approx)

22. An expressway is a controlled-access highway; it is a highway that controls entrances to it and exits from it by incorporating the design of the slip roads for entry and exit into the design of the highway itself. Access-control should not be confused with collection of toll. An expressway may be free to use and may not collect toll at all. Expressways are the highest class of roads in the Indian Road Network. These are six or eight lane highways with controlled-access. India has approximately 942 km expressways.
Mumbai – Pune expressway

23. National Highway system of India consists of approximately 10,000 km (6,200 mi) of four-laned highways that collect toll from users but do not have control of access and cannot be called expressways. Currently, a massive project is underway to expand the highway network and the Government of India plans to add an additional 18,637 km (11,580 mi) of expressways to the network by the year 2022.[

24. Expressway Name Distance State 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Western Freeway Mumbai
25.33 km (15.74 mi)
Maharashtra 2
Eastern Freeway Mumbai
22 km (14 mi) 3
Mumbai Nashik Expressway
150 km (93 mi) 4
Kundli ManesarPalwal Expressway(KMP)
135.6 km (84.3 mi)
Haryana 5
Delhi Eastern Peripheral Expressway
135 km (84 mi)
Uttar Pradesh/Haryana 6
Pathankot Ajmer Expressway
600 km (370 mi)
Punjab/Rajasthan 7
Ganga Expressway
1,000 km (620 mi)
Uttar Pradesh
Under construction

25. Expressway Name
Distance
State 1
Ahmedabad Vadodara Expressway
95 km (59 mi)
Gujarat 2
Mumbai-Pune Expressway
93 km (58 mi)
Maharashtra 3
Jaipur-Kishangarh Expressway
90 km (56 mi)
Rajastan 4
Allahabad Bypass
86 km (53 mi)
Uttar Pradesh 5
Durgapur Expressway
65 km (40 mi)
West Bengal 6
Chennai Bypass
32 km (20 mi)
Tamil Nadu 7
Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway
28 km (17 mi)
Delhi/Haryana 8
Noida-Greater Noida Expressway
24.53 km (15.24 mi)
Delhi/Uttar Pradesh 9
Delhi Noida Direct Flyway
9.2 km (5.7 mi) 10
Hyderabad Elevated Expressways
11.6 km (7.2 mi)
Andhra Pradesh 11
Hosur Road Elevated Expressway
9.985 km (6.204 mi)
Karnataka 12
Kona Expressway
8 km (4.97 mi) 13
Outer Ring Road (Hyderabad)
158 km (98 mi) 14
Raipur-Bhilai-Durg Expressway
26 km (16 mi)
Chhattisgarh 15
Yamuna Expressway
165 km (103 mi) 16
Bangalore–Mysore Infrastructure Corridor
41 km (25 mi)
Total
942.19 km (585.45 mi)

26. Mumbai Pune Expressway

27. AHMEDABAD-VADODARA EXPRESSWAY

28. A view of Delhi- Gurgaon stretch of National Highway - 8 (NH-8)
A view of Delhi- Gurgaon stretch of National Highway - 8 (NH-8). The 8-lane expressway connects Delhi to Gurgaon and IGIA

29. A section of the Golden Quadrilateral between Bengaluru and Chennai

30. The Delhi-Noida section of the Delhi-Noida -Greater Noida expressway

31. AGRA -MATHURA

32. DELHI.PANIPAT

33. BANGALORE-MYSORE

34. National Highway classification
Lanes
Length (km)
Percentage
Single Lane / Intermediate lane
18,350
27%
Double lane
39,079
59%
Four Lane/Six lane/Eight Lane
9,325
14%
Total
66,754
100%

35. ADVANTAGES CAN BE CONSTRUCTED EVEN IN AREAS OF DIFFICULT TERRAIN
OFFER DOOR TO DOOR SERVICES
HELP FARMERS TO MOVE THEIR PERISHABLE GOODS
CHANCE OF PILFERAGE ARE LESSER THAN IN RAILWAYS

36. Disadvantages
Many roads are un surfaced not suitable for regular vehicular traffic
No proper maintenance
Multiple check post , toll tax which bring down the speed of traffic
Many roads have inadequate capacity
Traffic on the roads of India is too high

39. Air transport

40. Air transportation…
Air transport in India started between Allahabad & Naini (township in Allahabad) in 1911
Airport authority of India was established on April 1, 1995
The Air India, has become the 16th largest airline in asia, presently operates a fleet of 159 aircraft serves= 50 domestic & 39 international routes
The other airlines such as Kingfisher Airlines, Air India and Jet Airways are the most popular brands in domestic air travel in order of their market share.

42. Airport Authority Of India
A civil enclave is an area allotted at an airport belonging to the armed forces, for the usage of civil aircraft and civil aviation related services
It manages
Total 127 airports
Domestic = 86
International =11
Civil enclaves=29

43. Cargo airlines :Blue Dart Aviation ltd is
Operating scheduled cargo services in
the country

44. PAWAN HANS
SERVICES OPERATING IN THE HILLY AREAS IN THE NORTH-EASTERN INDIA

45. These airlines connect more than 80 cities across India and also operate overseas routes after the liberalization of Indian aviation.
The rapid growth in the economy of India has made air travel more affordable now a days.
There are more than 335 civilian airports in India with paved runways and 96 with unpaved runways and more than 20 international airports in the Republic of India.

46. There are almost 220 airports in India
There are almost 220 airports in India .these include all types of airports.
Out of which 27 are international airports.
Others include domestic airports, air force based airports and etc…

47. The market share of different airlines in India…

48. Advantages: It is the fastest mode of transport
Advantages: It is the fastest mode of transport. It is very useful in transporting goods and passengers to the area, which are not accessible by any other means. It is the most convenient mode of transport during natural calamities. It provides vital support to the national security and defence ..

49. Disadvantages:
..It is relatively more expensive mode of transport. ..It is not suitable for transporting heavy and bulky goods. .. It is affected by adverse weather conditions. ..It is not suitable for short distance travel. ..In case of accidents, it results in heavy losses of goods, property and life.

50. Water transport…

52. Types of water transport….
Inland water transport: include rivers, canals , backwaters & creek (a small stream · Creek (tidal), an inlet of the sea) that allows ships & boats to navigate
India has
Navigable waterways :around 14,500 km
Navigable by mechanized flat bottom vessels
….rivers
….canals

53. The Kerala backwaters are a chain of brackish lagoons and lakes lying parallel to the Arabian Sea coast (known as the Malabar Coast) of Kerala state in southern India.
BACKWATER; water in a main river which is backed up(accumulated) by an obstruction such as dam

54. National waterways….
Allahabad
Saidiya
Kollam
Bhadrachalam
Mangalgadi

55. Cargo transportation is organised
IWAI Inland waterways authority of India is the authority in charge of the inland waterways
Cargo transportation is organised
GOA
KERALA
WEST BENGAL
ASSAM

56. Major ports of India

57. It promotes international trade.
Advantages:
It is a relatively economical mode of transport for bulky and heavy goods.
It is a safe mode of transport with respect to occurrence of accidents.
The cost of maintaining and constructing routes is very low most of them are naturally made.
It promotes international trade.

58. Disadvantages(Constraints….)
Ships have to wait long for berthing.
Dependent on weather conditions
Long travelling hours
Insufficient warehousing.
Tardy procedure.
Limited to areas where rivers and oceans exist