1. Organic Farming & Composting Techniques
Govt College, Kottayam
Agribased Microenterprises (Open Course)

2. saved more lives than any other person who has ever lived.

4. Organic manures
Organic and inorganic?????????????

6. Plant Nutrients: Nutrients which are essential for growth and development of plants
Macro elements: required in large quantities Eg: C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca
Micro or trace elements: required in small quantities Eg: Fe, B, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo

10. From petroleum products, rocks etc
N:P:K = 15:30:15.
Fertilizers are refined nutrients in specific ratios from artificial sources
From petroleum products, rocks etc

12. To the farmer, soil is where crops grow
To the farmer, soil is where crops grow. To the engineer, soil is a foundation upon which to build. To the ecologist, soil supports communities of living things. To the archaeologist, soil holds clues to past cultures. To the city dweller, soil nurtures grass and gardens.

To the soil scientist, soil is all of these things.

Soil has been called “the skin of the earth” because it is the thin outermost layer of the Earth’s crust. Like our own skin, we can’t live without soil.
Above all Soil is made of life and soil makes life.

13. “The Nation that destroys its soil destroys itself. - Franklin D
“The Nation that destroys its soil destroys itself.- Franklin D. Roosevelt

14. Soil facts
One spoonful of soil supports an amazing number of living organisms 
In one gram of soil, 5,000 to 7,000 different species of bacteria can be found.
In one acre, five to ten tons of animal life is thriving.
The average lawn, one-quarter acre in size, supports 200 to 350 earthworms.
Soil is a non-renewable resource :
Natural processes can take more than 500 years to form one inch of topsoil.
Soil is threatened by over-farming and pesticide use
Topsoil is the most productive soil layer.

15. Bone meal
Organic Manures

18. http://www. majordifferences

19. Organic manures Fertilizers
Advantages:
In addition to releasing nutrients, it improves soil structure
Increases water holding capacity
Slow in action hence very difficult to over fertilize plants
No risk of forming toxic buildup of chemicals
Renewable, biodegradable,
eco friendly
Disadvantages:
Slow in action, microbes required to release nutrients microbes require moisture, so seasonal variation may affect
Nutrient ratios are unknown
Advantages:
rapid action
Constituent ratios defined
Disadvantages
Primarily made from non-renewable sources including fossil fuel
Provide nutrients to plants but nothing to sustain soil
Chance of over fertilization, that may damage crop and entire soil ecosystem
Leaching and move to rivers and sea causing Eutrophication
Repeated application may lead to toxic build up of arsenic, Cd etc in soil that may be present in fruits and vegetables
Long term use causes change in soil pH, may upset microbial ecosystem