1. Human Dependence and Modification
Ocean Systems
Human Dependence and Modification

2. Recognize human dependence on ocean systems and explain how human activities such as runoff, artificial reefs, or use of resources have modified these systems.
TEK 8.11 D

3. Our Oceans Over 70% of our planet is ocean.
97% of the water on Earth is ocean water
Ocean systems – Earth systems that include the oceans which effect weather and climate, ocean currents, coral reef and artificial reef ecosystems and marine food webs.

5. Surface Water
Water on the surface of the Earth.

6. Ground Water
Fresh water contained n the open spaces of soil and rock beneath Earth’s surface.
Earth’s most important resources for drinking, irrigations and washing.

7. Aquifer
An underground layer of permeable rock, gravel, sand or silt that holds ground water.

8. How humans depend on oceans
Create a circle map to brainstorm how humans depend on the ocean.
Human Dependence on oceans

9. How humans depend on oceans
Food – fish and shellfish
Transportation – both travel and shipping
Recreation (boating, scuba, jet skis)
Minerals – salt, sand, gravel, manganese, copper, nickel, iron and cobalt
Drilling for crude oil
Removing carbon and providing oxygen (C-cycle)
Regulates Earth’s climate – transfers heat
Medicines for fighting disease.

10. Human Activities that modify ocean systems
Positive activities:
Artificial reefs, education programs, reducing, reusing and recycling, controlling global warming, fishing regulations, etc.
Negative activities:
Overfishing/Overharvesting
Shipping
Global warming
Coastal development
Deforestation
Siltation/sedimentation flowing into oceans
Pollution

11. Overfishing/Overharvesting
Fishing or harvesting too much marine life that it negatively effects the ecosystem.
Doesn’t allow fish time to reproduce and replace.

12. Shipping
In theory, shipping can be safe and profitable for economies around the world.
However, problems may occur
Oil spills
Dumping of waste water
Chemical accidents
Water and air pollution
Disrupting natural ocean environments
Killing marine wildlife

13. Oceans impact on Climate
Ocean currents transfer heat great distances around the world that helps regulate Earths climate.

14. Oxygen Production
90% of the worlds oxygen production comes form marine producers called phytoplankton in our oceans.
Carbon Cycle

15. Coral Reefs
Natural underwater ocean structures made up of living coral and their remains of limestone.
Provide humans with food, recreation, and medicines.
Are at risk due to overfishing, ocean warming, pollutions and siltation due to coastal development.

16. Artificial Reefs
Human-made underwater structures that act as artificial coral reefs to help promote marine life.

17. Benefits of Artificial Reefs
Artificial reefs provide complex, durable and stable homes for many fishes and marine invertebrates
Scientists use artificial reefs as platforms for rigorous ecological experimentation.
Fishery managers sometimes use artificial reefs to help buffer the effects of overfishing and environmental damage.
Artificial reefs attract anglers and divers and provide a significant fiscal boost to local economies.

19. Tidal Power
Tidal energy in the form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into useful forms of power mainly for electricity.

20. Global Warming
The average increase in Earth’s global surface temperatures.
Ocean water absorbs most of the heat from the sun causing ice caps to melt and ocean temperatures to increase.

21. Watershed
An area of land where all of the water that falls in it and drains off of it goes into the same place.

22. Runoff
The flow of water over land from rain, snow melt of other sources.
Can be polluted by human activities and run into our surface water, ground water and oceans.

23. Algae Bloom
An excessive growth of algae (red to bright, neon green to more blue-green) in water that occurs naturally or as a result of an excess of nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) from organic pollution.

24. Algae Blooms
Most algal blooms are harmless, but certain types of algae may pose a risk to humans, animals and water quality. Algae and algal blooms are generally not considered harmful unless they are capable of producing toxins and you come in direct contact with them.
Blue-green algae that form have been known to produce a wide array of neurotoxins, liver toxins, cell toxins and skin irritants

27. Factors Contributing to Algae Blooms
Excess nutrients from runoff (e.g. phosphorus or nitrogen) from Agriculture and Urban sources.
Intense Sunlight
Low-water levels or low-flow conditions
Calm water (low-wind conditions)
Warmer temperatures

28. Ocean Systems Card Sort
Oxygen Production
Coral Reefs
Estuaries
Mangrove Swamps
Kelp Forests
Currents
Wind patterns
Evaporation and precipitation
Marine Life
Storage and Exchange of Gases: CO2 and N
Sea Ice
Seasonal Weather Patterns
Human Impact
Coastal Development
Aquaculture
Commercial and Recreational Fishing
Burning of Fossil Fuels
Deforestation
Introduction of Invasive Species
Agricultural Waste (P and N) and pollution
Oil spills
Trash pollution
Urban runoff via storm drains
Raw Sewage pollution
Industrial Pollution
Consequences
Extreme Storms
Dead Zones
Ocean acidification
Human displacement
Collapsed fisheries (overfishing)
Habitat destruction
Change in precipitation and weather patterns
Disrupted Gas Storage and exchange
Human health issues
Extinction and loss of biodiversity
Siltation
Garbage patches