1. Earth and Space

2. Earth’s Place in Space *Earth moves around the sun.
A. Earth’s Rotation
Earth spins around an imaginary line running through its center called an axis. It is slightly tilted.
The spinning of Earth on its axis is called Earth’s rotation.
It rotates once every 24 hours (1 day and night).

3. B. Earth’s Revolution
The movement of Earth around the sun in known as Earth’s Revolution.
It takes Earth 1 year to complete one revolution.

4. C. Seasons
The Earth’s tilt and revolution around the sun causes seasons.
Summer occurs when your part of the Earth is tilted towards the sun. The days are long and the nights are short.
The summer solstice is the longest day of the year.
Winter occurs when your part of the Earth is tilted away from the sun and the slanted rays of the sun are weak. The days are short and the nights are long.
The winter solstice is the shortest day of the year.

5. The Vernal Equinox is the first day of spring
The Vernal Equinox is the first day of spring. It has equal day and night.
The Autumnal Equinox is the first day of fall. It has equal day and night.

6. D. Movements of the Moon
The moon constantly circles the Earth as Earth revolves around the sun.
Although it looks different at different times of the month, it doesn’t change – the way we see it does.
The sun lights up the moon.
The movement of the Earth is what causes night and day.

7. D. Movements of the Moon (cont.)
When the moon and sun are on opposite sides of Earth, a full moon occurs.
When the moon and sun are on the same side as Earth, a new moon occurs. This is when the side of the moon that is lit by the sun faces away from Earth.
Full Moon
New Moon

10. Diagram of a Solar Eclipse
Solar eclipse: when the moon is between the Earth and Sun.
Diagram of a Solar Eclipse
Total Solar Eclipse (2001)

11. Stages of a Lunar Eclipse
Lunar eclipse: when the Earth is between the sun and moon.
Stages of a Lunar Eclipse

15. “Neap ain’t that deep”

16. Space – How are we connected?
Universe Galaxy
Milky Way
Our Solar System

17. The Universe (several galaxies can been seen)
Universe: the vast expanse of space which contains all of the matter and energy in existence. EVERYTHING is a part of it. IT IS HUGE!!!
Galaxy: a cluster of starts, dust, and gas which is held together by gravity. Astronomers suggest there may be as many as 100 billion!! They are scattered throughout the universe and vary greatly in size.
The Universe (several galaxies can been seen)
Spiral Galaxy

18. 1. irregular – no definite shape
*Galaxies are classified by scientists according to their size and shape.
1. irregular – no definite shape
2. spiral – pinwheel shape (our galaxy)
3. elliptical – go from round to flat discs
*galaxies range from a few thousand
to a million light years in diameter.
Spiral (Andromeda)
Elliptical
Irregular

20. Solar System
Made up of 8 planets and other objects that orbit the sun.
To measure distances in space, scientists use an astronomical unit (AU). 1 AU = 150 million km, which is the average distance from Earth to the sun.
A light year is 9.5 trillion (9,500,000,000,000) kilometers and is the distance light travels in one year.

21. Asteroids- There are smaller terrestrial object revolving the sun
Asteroids- There are smaller terrestrial object revolving the sun. Most of them are between Mars and Jupiter.
Comets-A small clump of ice and dust with an extremely elliptical orbit around the sun. As the comet nears the sun, the ice changes to gas and becomes visible.
Meteors- small, solid particles, that enter the atmosphere every day, most disintegrate (burn up) due to friction.

22. Planet: round ball of gas or rock that travels around a star – and the path it takes around a star is called its orbit.
Inner Planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

23. Outer Planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

24. Saturn is not the only planet with rings
Saturn is not the only planet with rings. Jupiter, Uranus, & Neptune do too.
Pluto is now considered a dwarf planet.

31. Our Galaxy Our galaxy is called the Milky Way.
The shape of our galaxy is spiral (looking down it looks like a pinwheel)
It contains: stars (billions!), nebulae (clouds of dust and gas), planets, and asteroids.
It is approximately 100 light years in diameter.
All objects in the Galaxy revolve around the Galaxy’s center.
It takes the Sun 250 million years to pull us through 1 revolution around the center of the Milky Way.

32. The Milky Way Galaxy