1. Unit 1 Safety and Scientific Foundation
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2. Section I Safety
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4. Safety Features of the Lab
Safety shower
Fire blanket
Fire extinguisher (2)
Eye wash
Fume hood
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5. Safety in the Classroom
Obey the safety contract
Use common sense
No unauthorized experiments
Wear safety glasses and apron
Safety is an attitude!
Don’t take anything out of lab
Read and follow all instructions
Go over Safety Contract with students. Link for copy of safety contract:
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6. I'm a little Chemist, short and stout,
Here are my goggles, here are my eyes.
When I don't wear my goggles,
my teacher shouts,
PUT THEM ON OR YOU GET OUT!
Anyone caught not wearing their goggles (teacher included) must sing a goggle song for the whole class. If you feel this is too embarrassing, have the whole class sing the song anytime one of them is caught. Here's an example of a song sung to the tune of "I'm a Little Teapot."
I'm a little Chemist, short and stout,
Here are my goggles, here are my eyes.
When I don't wear my goggles, my teacher shouts,
PUT THEM ON OR YOU GET OUT!
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7. Wear Your
Safety Goggles!
Which would you rather read?
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8. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Gives information about a chemical.
Lists “Dos” and “Don’ts.”
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9. MSDS Sheet
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10. FRHSD Safety Contract PLC-Unit 1
FLINN Scientific, Inc "Your Safer Source for Science Supplies" - Poster

11. Section II Laboratory Equipment
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12. Section III Scientific Method
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13. Scientific Method
DEF: a systematic approach used in scientific study; an organized process used to do research and to verify the work of others
a series of logical steps that scientists use to ask questions and solve problems
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14. Steps of the Scientific Method Ask a question Gather information
Form a hypothesis
Test the hypothesis
Analyze the results
Draw a conclusion
Communicate results
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15. Ask a question
How
What
When
Who
Why
Where
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16. Gather Information research your problem (library, internet )
make observations
DEF: a statement of fact based on sensory data
Involves the five senses
Sight
Smell
Hearing
Taste
Touch
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17. The flower has white petals
Two types of observations
Qualitative - DEF: an observation made without measurements
describes what you observe
“qualitative” = quality (description)
The flower has white petals
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18. Quantitative - DEF: an observation made with measurement
measures what you observe
observations made with instruments
(ruler, balance, graduated cylinder, thermometer,…)
“quantitative” = quantity (numerical)
The flower has 7 petals
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19. Qualitative vs Quantitative
Qualitative: The road is long (describes)
Quantitative: The road in 5 km long (numerical)
Qualitative: The classroom is hot (describes)
Quantitative: The classroom is 85oF (numerical)
Qualitative: Mr. Richey has green eyes (describes)
Quantitative: Mr. Richey has 2 eyes (numerical)
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20. Guided Practice
Read the following examples and decide if they are qualitative or quantitative
The classroom is cold
qualitative
The classroom is 60oF
quantitative
The volume is 40 mL
quantitative
The liquid is clear
qualitative
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21. Assessment
Read the following examples and decide if they are qualitative or quantitative
The solution is green
qualitative
The cube is 9 mm long
quantitative
The temperature is 37.0oC
quantitative
It makes a loud pop sound
qualitative
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22. Inference (Interpretation, Assumption)
DEF: a judgment or opinion about what is observed
Based on past experiences and prior knowledge
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23. Observation vs Inference
Observation: The grass on the school’s front lawn is wet
Inference:
It rained
The sprinkler was on
There is dew on the grass from this morning
The dog urinated on the grass
All of these inferences can explain why the grass is wet. They are all based on prior experiences. We have all seen rain, sprinklers, morning dew, and dogs going to the bathroom
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24. ? Guided Practice Observation: A student is sitting in the main office
Possible Inferences: Why might a student be sitting there? ?
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25. Assessment Everyone is closing their book because…
Students arrived to class sweaty because…
All of the students are laughing because…
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26. Using the scientific method requires that one be a good observer.
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27. Form a Hypothesis
DEF: a prediction that can be tested to explain observations
can be written in the form of an “If..., then...” statement
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28. What effect does stirring have on solution rate? HYPOTHESIS
A student is interested in designing several experiments to test the factors that effect how quickly an Alka-Seltzer® tablet dissolves in water (solution rate).
QUESTION
What effect does stirring have on solution rate?
HYPOTHESIS
If the water is stirred, then the tablet will dissolve faster. .
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29. Guided Practice QUESTION HYPOTHESIS
What effect does the water temperature have on solution rate?
HYPOTHESIS
If the water is heated, then the tablet will dissolve faster.
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30. What effect does the amount of water have on plant growth?
Assessment
QUESTION
What effect does the amount of water have on plant growth?
HYPOTHESIS ?
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31. Test a Hypothesis perform a controlled experiment
DEF: a set of controlled observations that test the hypothesis
consists of:
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Control Group
Constants
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32. Independent Variable changed or manipulated in an experiment
usually expressed after the word “if” in the hypothesis
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33. Dependent Variable may change as a result of the independent variable
usually expressed after the word “then” in the hypothesis
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34. Identify the Variable
independent
variable
If a student chooses to not study, then they will earn a poor grade.
If you drink Gatorade before a soccer game, then you will score more goals.
dependent
variable
independent
variable
dependent
variable
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35. Control Group
same as the experimental group in every possible way, except for the factor being tested
compare
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36. Constants
Factors kept the same and not allowed to change
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37. Experimental Design Question:
What effect does temperature have on popcorn?
Hypothesis:
If popcorn is stored in the freezer, then it will pop better
Control:
Popcorn stored at room temperature
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38. Number of unpopped kernels
Constants:
Popcorn brand
Microwave brand
Independent Variable
Storage Temperature
Dependent Variable:
Number of unpopped kernels
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39. Analyze Results collect and analyze your data
Data - DEF: any pieces of information acquired through experimentation
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40. create data tables / graphs
Temperatures In
NY City
Day
Temperature 1
43° F 2
53° F 3
50° F 4
57° F 5
59° F 6
67° F
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41. no experiment is a failure – just learned something new!
Conclusion
DEF: judgment based on the information obtained from your observations
summary of your findings
the results will either support or not support your hypothesis
no experiment is a failure – just learned something new!
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42. “Tell the truth and nothing but the truth”
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43. Communicate Results lab report poster scientific journal
Publish results
lab report
poster
scientific journal
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44. Scientific Method Ask question Make observations Develop hypothesis
Test hypothesis
with an
experiment
Test hypothesis
with further
experiments
Revise
hypothesis
Analyze data
and draw
conclusions
Hypothesis IS
supported
Hypothesis
is NOT
supported
Communicate Results
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