1. Consider the Heavens
Chapter 1

2. Consider the Heavens
Science is the study of God’s creation!
The study of creation beyond our atmosphere is called astronomy!
Astronomers study the motions of the heavenly bodies and the laws that govern those motions.
Galaxy Centaurus

3. Galaxies: Giant Groups
Andromeda Galaxy

4. Galaxies: Giant Groups
The universe! - Contains every star, every planet, every satellite, every solar system, and every galaxy!
We still don’t understand everything about the universe, but one thing we do know! God created it, and it tells of His glory!

5. Galaxies: Giant Groups
Genesis 1:1 “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.”
Psalm 19:1 “The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament shows His handiwork.”

6. Galaxies: Giant Groups
The vast size of the universe argues strongly for a Creator who is not limited by space.
A Galaxy is a star system containing from millions to billions of stars!
Our Milky Way galaxy had over 400 billion stars!

7. Galaxies: Giant Groups
The total number of galaxies is estimated to exceed 120 billion!

8. Super Structures Galaxies are not spread randomly in the universe…
They are in groups called “clusters”
Our milky way is in a cluster called the “Local Group”
The two largest galaxies in the local group are us, the Milky Way, and a large galaxy called “Andromeda”.

9. Super Structures
Two of the closest galaxies to ours is the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Small Magellanic Cloud.
These are only 200,000 light years away from earth.
They each contain several billion stars.

10. Superclusters
It the current belief that our Local Group is part of an even larger grouping called a Supercluster.
These superclusters join together to form the walls of ball-shaped structures which appear to be completely empty in the middle.
Astronomers are amazed at the order in the universe.

12. Galactic Shapes We live inside the Milky Way!
Because of this, we aren’t 100% sure what our galaxy looks like!
We are fairly confident that it is a spiral galaxy.

13. Galactic Shapes There are four general shapes to galaxies! Spiral
Barred Spiral
Elliptical
Irregular

14. Spiral Galaxies
Spiral Galaxies have a central nucleus that resembles a flattened ball.
Attached are long, curved arms.

15. M100

16. Barred Spiral
These are spiral galaxies with unusual bar-shaped arms sticking out from their central nuclei.

17. Spiral Galaxies
Spiral Galaxies are held together by the gravitational attraction between stars.

18. Nebulae within Spiral Galaxies
Spiral Galaxies also contain many Nebulae.
Nebulae are large clouds of gas and space dust.
Whirlpool Galaxy which contains the Eagle Nebulae

19. Crab Nubulae

20. Butterfly Nebulae
Taken September 2, 2009

21. Elliptical Galaxies
Elliptical Galaxies resemble eggs or footballs!
They are not as structured as spirals and do not contain much free gas.
M87

23. Large Magellanic Cloud
Irregular Galaxies
Composed of stars clumped together in no definite shape.
Our two closest galaxies are irregular – The Large and Small Magellanic Cloud
Large Magellanic Cloud

24. Small Magellanic Cloud

25. The Axis of Rotation
In the Northern Hemisphere we have a star that appears to never rotate…
That star is Polaris or the North Star.
It does not rise or set because it is directly above the northern end of the earth’s Axis of Rotation.
The Axis of Rotation is an imaginary line that goes from pole to pole through the earth.

26. The Axis of Rotation
The ends of the axis are called the celestial poles.
There are stars which appear to travel or rotate around the celestial poles and are called circumpolar stars.
If you could stand at the North Pole, the north star would be directly above you.
Below the equator, you cannot see the north star at all.

27. Constellations The constellations are even mentioned in the Bible!
Job and Amos mention Arcturus, Orion, and Pleiades.
Although the constellations may be given names as groups of stars, they may actually be far apart from each other.

28. Constellations Canis Major
There are currently 88 constellations recognized around the world.
Canis Major

29. Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere
The most commonly known are the Big Dipper, the Little Dipper, and Cassiopeia.

30. Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere
The big Dipper is actually part of another constellation – The Great Bear
The Great Bear –
Ursa Major

31. Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere
Polaris is in Ursa Minor or the Little Bear.
Polaris is at the end of the Bear’s tail.
Little Bear is more commonly known as the Little Dipper.

32. Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere
King Cepheus
Named after Queen Cassiopeia’s husband.
In 2000 years, Gamma Cepheus will replace Polaris as the North Star.

33. rthern Hemisphere

34. Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere
Andromeda
Mythological daughter to Cassiopeia and Cepheus.
Chained up because of her beauty.

36. Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere
Perseus is the hero who saves Andromeda.
Algol is its brightest star and every few nights the brightness of it changes.

37. Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere

38. Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere

39. Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere
This is the Flying Horse
It includes the Great Square which is between Pagasus and Andromeda.

40. Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere
Leo the Lion
Regulus is the brightest star…it is in the front paw.
The bright stars of the head are called the Sickle.

41. Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere
The Swan
Also known as Cygnus
Deneb is the brightest star.
Denab is at the top of what is known as the Northern Cross.

42. Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere
Gemini – the Twins
The Brightest stars
Castor and
Pollux!
In the winter sky
they stand on
their heads.

43. Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere
Draco the Dragon
The tail curves around the little dipper.
Thuban, one of the stars of the tail, was the North Star more than 4000 years ago.
It was the star used to align the pyramids.

45. Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere
The Hunter – Orion!
Seen in the southern sky in the winter.
Orion’s brightest stars are Betelgeuse and Rigel.
The most spectacular part is the belt, made up of 3 stars.
There is also the Great Nebula found in the sword.

46. Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere
Orion!

47. Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere
The Bull – Taurus
Aldebaran is the brightest star.
The star cluster
Pleiades is a part of its
shoulder.
Pleiades is known as
the Seven Stars.

48. Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere
Canis Major has the brightest star in the sky.
That star is Sirius.

50. Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere
The Herdsman – Bootes
Arcturus is the most magnificent star
Arcturus is one of the four brightest stars in the sky!

51. Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere
The Virgin – Virgo

52. Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere
The Harp – Lyra
Lyra has only one significant star – Vega
Vega is a brilliant blue star in the summer sky!
In 12,000 years, Vega will become the North Star.
The Ring Nubula is also in Lyra!

53. Constellations of the Southern Hemisphere
The Scorpion – Scorpius
The Brightest star in the Scorpion is Antares.
Antares is sometimes confused with Mars.

54. Constellations of the Southern Hemisphere
Scorpius

55. Constellations of the Southern Hemisphere
The Archer – Sagittarius
The brightest stars form a four sided figure sometimes called the Milk Dipper or the Teapot!
The Handle of the Teapot extends into the Milky Way.

56. Constellations of the Southern Hemisphere
Centaurus
This is a mythical creature called a centaur.
The two stars of its front feet are Beta Centauri and Alpha Centauri.

57. Constellations of the Southern Hemisphere
Alpha Centauri is actually a triple star.
This star system has the closest star to us next
to our own.
Between the legs is the Southern Cross.

58. I love the Galaxy that God Created!!!!
The End of This Section!!!!!!!!!
I love the Galaxy that God Created!!!!