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Excel FACT Function
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Excel FACT Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments Usage notes
Find the factorial of a number Return value The factorial of a number Syntax =FACT (number) Arguments number - The number to get the factorial of. Usage notes The number cannot be negative. If the number is not an integer it will be truncated and then solved.
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Excel FLOOR Function
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Excel FLOOR Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments Usage notes
Round a number down to the nearest specified multiple Return value A rounded number. Syntax =FLOOR (number, multiple) Arguments number - The number that should be rounded. multiple - The multiple to use when rounding. Usage notes FLOOR works like the MROUND function, but FLOOR always rounds down toward zero. The FLOOR function can be a good way to can be a good way to set pricing after currency conversion, discounts, etc.
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Excel FLOOR Function
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Excel GCD Function
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Excel GCD Function Purpose
Get the greatest common divisor of two or more numbers Return value A number representing the largest positive integer that divides the numbers without a remainder Syntax =GCD (number1, [number2], ...) Arguments number1 - The first number. number2 - [optional] The second number.
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Excel GCD Function Usage notes
Use the GCD function to get the greatest common divisor of two or more integers. The greatest common divisor is the largest positive integer that divides the numbers without a remainder. For example, The formula =GCD(60,36) returns the number 12, since 12 is the largest factor that goes into both numbers evenly. The GCD function can accept up to 255 numbers as arguments.
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Excel INT Function
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Excel INT Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments
Get the integer part of a decimal by rounding down Return value The integer part of the number after rounding down Syntax =INT (number) Arguments number - The number from which you want an integer.
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Excel INT Function Usage notes
Use the INT function when you want only the integer part of a decimal number, and it's ok to always round the number down. For example, INT (3.99) returns the number 3. It's important to note that INT actually rounds down numbers to the next lowest integer value. So, while INT (10.8) = 10, INT(-10.8) = -11. Use the TRUNC function if you want the exact integer part of both negative and positive numbers.
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Excel LCM Function
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Excel LCM Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments
Get the least common multiple or two or more numbers Return value A number that represents the least common multiple of all numbers Syntax =LCM (number1, [number2], ...) Arguments number1 - The first number. number2 - [optional] The second number.
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Excel LCM Function Usage notes
Use the LCM function when you want to calculate the least common multiple of integers. The least common multiple is the smallest positive integer that is a multiple of all of the numbers supplied as arguments. A common use of the LCM function is to add fractions that have different denominators. For example, =LCM(3,4) returns 12, since 12 is the smallest multiple of both 3 and 4. However, =LCM(3,4,5) returns 60, since 60 is the smallest multiple of all three numbers.
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Excel LOG Function
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Excel LOG Function Purpose Get the logarithm of a number Return value
Syntax =LOG (number, [base]) Arguments number - Number for which you want the logarithm. base - [optional] Base of the logarithm. Defaults to 10. Usage notes The LOG function allows you to get the logarithm of a number with a specified base.
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Excel LOG Function
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Excel LOG10 Function
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Excel LOG10 Function Purpose Get the base-10 logarithm of a number
Return value The logarithm Syntax =LOG10 (number) Arguments number - Number for which you want the logarithm. Usage notes The LOG function allows you to get the base-10 logarithm of a number with a specified base.
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Excel LOG10 Function
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Excel MOD Function
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Excel MOD Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments
Get the remainder from division Return value The remainder Syntax =MOD (number, divisor) Arguments number - The number to be divided. divisor - The number to divide with.
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Excel MOD Function Usage notes Notes:
Use the MOD function to get the reminder after division. For Example, MOD(3,2) returns 1, because 2 goes into 3 once, with a remainder of 1. Notes: MOD always returns a result in the same sign as the divisor. MOD will return a #DIV/0! error if the divisor
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Excel MOD Function
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Excel MROUND Function
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Excel MROUND Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments
Round a number to the nearest specified multiple Return value A rounded number. Syntax =MROUND (number, multiple) Arguments number - The number that should be rounded. multiple - The multiple to use when rounding. Usage notes MROUND rounds up, away from zero. The rounding occurs when the remainder left from dividing number by multiple is greater than or equal to half the value of multiple.
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Excel MROUND Function
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Excel ODD Function
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Excel ODD Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments Usage notes
Round a number up to the next odd integer Return value A rounded number. Syntax =ODD (number) Arguments number - The number to round up to an odd integer. Usage notes The ODD function always rounds up to the next odd integer, skipping even integers along the way. Negative numbers are rounded "up", away from zero, so they actually become more negative.
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Excel ODD Function
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Excel PI Function
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Excel PI Function Purpose Return value Syntax Usage notes
Get the value of π Return value Syntax =PI () Usage notes The return value, , is accurate to 15 digits.
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Excel RADIANS Function
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Excel RADIANS Function
Purpose Converts an angle into radians Return value Radians Syntax =RADIANS (angle) Arguments angle - Angle in degrees that you want to convert to radians. Usage notes The RADIANS function takes an angle in degrees and converts it to radians.
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Excel RAND Function
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Excel RAND Function Purpose Return value Syntax Usage notes
Get a random number between 0 and 1 Return value A number between 1 and 0 Syntax =RAND () Usage notes Use the RAND function to get a random number between 0 and 1. For example, =RAND() will generate a number like RAND calculates a new value each time the worksheet is calculated.
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Excel RAND Function To stop random numbers from being updated, copy the cells that contain RAND to the clipboard, then use Paste Special > Values to convert to text. To get a random number that doesn't change when the worksheet is calculated, enter =RAND() in the formulas bar and then press F9 to convert the formula into its result. To generate a set of random numbers in multiple cells, select the cells, enter RAND() and press control + enter. To generate a random number between a and b, use this formula: RAND() * (b - a) + a
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Excel RANDBETWEEN Function
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Excel RANDBETWEEN Function
Purpose Get a random integer between two values Return value An integer Syntax =RANDBETWEEN (bottom, top) Arguments bottom - An integer representing the lower value of the range. top - An integer representing the lower value of the range. Usage notes Use the RANDBETWEEN function to get a random integer between bottom and top. For example, =RANDBETWEEN(1,50) might generate the number 28
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Excel RANDBETWEEN Function
RANDBETWEEN calculates a new value each time the worksheet is calculated. To stop random numbers from being updated, copy the cells that contain RANDBETWEEN to the clipboard, then use Paste Special > Values to convert to text. To generate a set of random integers in multiple cells, select the cells, enter the RANDBETWEEN function, and press control + enter. To get a random number that doesn't change when the worksheet is calculated, enter RANDBETWEEN in the formulas bar and then press F9 to convert the formula into its result.
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Excel ROUND Function
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Excel ROUND Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments
Round a number to a given number of digits Return value A rounded number. Syntax =ROUND (number, num_digits) Arguments number - The number to round. num_digits - The number of digits to which number should be rounded.
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Excel ROUND Function Usage notes
Round works by rounding numbers 1-4 down, and rounding numbers 5-9 up. The ROUND function rounds numbers to a specified level of precision. It can round to the right or left of the decimal point. If num_digits > 0, number is rounded to the specified number of decimal places to the right of the decimal point. If num_digits < 0, number is rounded to the left of the decimal point (i.e. to the nearest 10, 100, 1000, etc.). If num_digits = 0, number is rounded to the nearest integer.
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Excel ROUND Function
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Excel ROUNDDOWN Function
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Excel ROUNDDOWN Function
Purpose Round a number down to a given number of digits Return value A rounded number. Syntax =ROUNDDOWN (number, num_digits) Arguments number - The number to round down. num_digits - The number of digits to which number should be rounded down.
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Excel ROUNDDOWN Function
Usage notes The ROUNDDOWN function works like the ROUND function except that when rounding, the ROUNDDOWN function will always round the numbers 1-9 down. The ROUNDDOWN function can round either to the left or right of the decimal point. If num_digits > 0, number is rounded down to the specified number of decimal places to the right of the decimal point. If num_digits < 0, number is rounded down to the left of the decimal point (i.e. to the nearest 10, 100, 1000, etc.). If num_digits = 0, number is rounded down to the nearest integer.
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Excel ROUNDDOWN Function
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Excel ROUNDUP Function
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Excel ROUNDUP Function
Purpose Round a number up to a given number of digits Return value A rounded number. Syntax =ROUNDUP (number, num_digits) Arguments number - The number to round up. num_digits - The number of digits to which number should be rounded up.
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Excel ROUNDUP Function
Usage notes The ROUNDUP function works like the ROUND function except that when rounding, the ROUNDUP function will always round the numbers 1-9 up. ROUNDUP can round either to the left or right of the decimal point. If num_digits > 0, number is rounded up to the specified number of decimal places to the right of the decimal point. If num_digits < 0, number is rounded up to the left of the decimal point (i.e. to the nearest 10, 100, 1000, etc.). If num_digits = 0, number is rounded up to the nearest integer.
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Excel ROUNDUP Function
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Excel SIGN Function
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Excel SIGN Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments Usage notes
Get the sign of a number. Return value One if positive. Negative one if negative. Zero if zero. Syntax =SIGN (number) Arguments number - The number to get the sign of. Usage notes If the number is in the range (-∞,0) SIGN(number) will return -1. If the number is equal to 0 SIGN(number) will return 0. If the number is in the range (0,∞)(number) SIGN will return 1.
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Excel SIN Function
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Excel SIN Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments Usage notes
Get the sine of an angle Return value Sine value Syntax =SIN (number) Arguments number - The angle in radians for which you want the sine. Usage notes To work in degrees rather than radians: SIN(PI()/180) or SIN(RADIANS(number))
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Excel SQRT Function
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Excel SQRT Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments Usage notes
Find the positive square root of a number Return value Positive square root. Syntax =SQRT (number) Arguments number - The number to get the square root of. Usage notes The SQRT function will return a #NUM error when asked to take the square root of a negative number.
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Excel SUBTOTAL Function
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Excel SUBTOTAL Function
Purpose Get a subtotal in a list or database Return value A number representing a specific kind of subtotal Syntax =SUBTOTAL (function_num, ref1, [ref2], ...) Arguments function_num - A number that specifies which function to use in calculating subtotals within a list. See table below for full list. ref1 - A named range or reference to subtotal. ref2 - [optional] A named range or reference to subtotal.
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Excel SUBTOTAL Function
Usage notes Use the SUBTOTAL function to get a subtotal in a list or database. SUBTOTAL has the ability to use a variety of functions when subtotaling, including AVERAGE, COUNT, MAX, and others (see table below for a complete list). In addition, the SUBTOTAL function can either include or exclude values in rows that are not visible. Notice that the SUBTOTAL function has "paired" settings (i.e. 1/101, 3/103, 9/109, etc.) to change behavior for hidden cells. When function_num is between 1-11, SUBTOTAL includes cells that are hidden. When function_numis between , SUBTOTAL excludes values that are hidden.
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Excel SUBTOTAL Function
SUBTOTAL always ignores all cells that are hidden by filtering with Autofilter, so all cells that are "filtered out" will not be included in calculations, regardless of thefunction_num that is used. To create a list with subtotals, you might want to use the Subtotal command in the Outline group on the Data tab in the ribbon. You can then modify the SUBTOTAL function if needed.
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Excel SUBTOTAL Function
Available values for function_num: Function Include hidden Ignore hidden AVERAGE 1 101 COUNT 2 102 COUNTA 3 103 MAX 4 104 MIN 5 105 PRODUCT 6 106 STDEV 7 107 STDEVP 8 108 SUM 9 109 VAR 10 110 VARP 11 111
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Excel SUBTOTAL Function
Notes: When function_num is between 1-11, SUBTOTAL includes values that are hidden When function_num is between , SUBTOTAL excludes values that are hidden In filtered lists, SUBTOTAL always ignores values in hidden rows, regardless of function_num. SUBTOTAL ignores other subtotals that exist in references are ignored to prevent double-counting SUBTOTAL is designed to work with vertical data values arranged vertically. In Horizontal ranges, values in hidden columns are always included.
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Excel SUM Function
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Excel SUM Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments
Add numbers together Return value The sum of values supplied. Syntax =SUM (number1, [number2], [number3], ...) Arguments number1 - The first item to sum. number2 - [optional] The second item to sum. number3 - [optional] The third item to sum.
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Excel SUM Function Usage notes
The SUM function sums values supplied as arguments (up to 255 arguments). Arguments can be supplied as numbers, cell references, ranges, arrays, constants, and the results of other formulas or functions. For example, SUM(C1:C3) adds all the numbers that are contained in cells C1 through C3, which is equivalent to SUM (C1, C2, C3)
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Excel SUM Function
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Excel SUMIF Function
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Excel SUMIF Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments
Sum numbers in a range that meet supplied criteria Return value The sum of values supplied. Syntax =SUMIF (range, criteria, [sum_range]) Arguments range - The range of cells that you want to apply the criteria against. criteria - The criteria used to determine which cells to add. sum_range - [optional] The cells to add together. If sum_range is omitted, the cells in range are added together instead.
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Excel SUMIF Function Usage notes
When sum_range is omitted, the cells in range will be summed. Text criteria, or criteria that includes math symbols, must be enclosed in double quotation marks ("). Numeric criteria can be supplied without quotation marks. The wildcard characters ? and * can be used in criteria. A question mark matches any one character and an asterisk matches any sequence of characters. To find a literal question mark or asterisk, use a tilde (~) in front question mark or asterisk (i.e. ~?, ~*).
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Excel SUMIF Function
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Excel SUMIFS Function
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Excel SUMIFS Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments
Sum cells that match multiple criteria Return value The sum of the cells that meet all criteria Syntax =SUMIFS (sum_range, range1, criteria1, [range2], [criteria2], ...) Arguments sum_range - The range to be summed. range1 - The first range to evaulate. criteria1 - The criteria to use on range1. range2 - [optional] The second range to evaluate. criteria2 - [optional] The criteria to use on range2.
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Excel SUMIFS Function Usage notes
SUMIFS sums cells in a range that match supplied criteria. Unlike the SUMIF function, SUMIFS can apply more than one set of criteria, with more than one range. The first range is the range to be summed. The criteria is supplied in pairs (range/criteria) and only the first pair is required. For each additional criteria, supply an additional range/criteria pair. Up to 127 range/criteria pairs are allowed. Note that the order of arguments is different between the SUMIFS and SUMIF functions. Sum_range is the first argument in SUMIFS, but the thirdargument in SUMIF.
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Excel SUMIFS Function Notes:
Each additional range must have the same number of rows and columns as the sum_range. Non-numeric criteria needs to be enclosed in double quotes but numeric criteria does not. For example: 100, "100", ">32", "jim", or A1 (where A1 contains a number). The wildcard characters ? and * can be used in criteria. A question mark matches any one character and an asterisk matches any sequence of characters. To find a literal question mark or asterisk, use a tilde (~) in front question mark or asterisk (i.e. ~?, ~*).
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Excel SUMIFS Function
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Excel SUMPRODUCT Function
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Excel SUMPRODUCT Function
Purpose Multiply, then sum arrays Return value The result of multiplied and summed arrays Syntax =SUMPRODUCT (array1, [array2], ...) Arguments array1 - The first array or range to multiply, then add. array2 - [optional] The second array or range to multiply, then add.
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Excel SUMPRODUCT Function
Usage notes The SUMPRODUCT function works with arrays, but it doesn't require the normal array syntax (Ctrl + Shift + Enter) to enter. The purpose of the SUMPRODUCT function is to multiply, then sum, arrays. If only one array is supplied, SUMPRODUCT will simply sum the items in the array. Up to 30 arrays can be supplied. When you first encounter SUMPRODUCT, it may seem boring, complex, and even pointless. But SUMPRODUCT is an amazingly versatile function with many uses. Because it will handle arrays gracefully and without complaint, you can use it to process ranges of cells in clever, elegant ways (see links to formula examples on this page). To illustrate how SUMPRODUCT works, here are a few common examples.
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Excel SUMPRODUCT Function
SUMPRODUCT for conditional sums and counts Assume you have some order data in A2:B6, with State in column A, Sales in column B: Using SUMPRODUCT, you can count total sales for Texas ("TX") with this formula: =SUMPRODUCT(--(A2:A6="TX")) And you can sum total sales to Texas ("TX") with the this formula: =SUMPRODUCT(--(A2:A6="TX"),B2:B6) Note: Don't be confused by the double-negative. This is a common trick used in more advanced Excel formulas to coerce TRUE and FALSE values into 1's and 0's. See more below... A B 1 State Sales 2 UT 75 3 CO 100 4 TX 125 5 6 150
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Excel SUMPRODUCT Function
array1 array2 FALSE 75 100 TRUE 125 150 For the sum example above, here is a virtual representation of the two arrays as first processed by SUMPRODUCT: Each array has 5 items. The first array contains the TRUE / FALSE values that result from the expression A2:A6="TX", and the second array is the contents of B2:B6. Each item in the first array will be multiplied by the corresponding item in the second array. However, in the current state, the result of SUMPRODUCT will be zero because the TRUE and FALSE values will be treated as zero. We need the items in array1 to be numeric — they need to be "coerced" into ones and zeros. This is where the double-negative comes in.
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Excel SUMPRODUCT Function
By using the double negative -- (double unary, for you technical types) we are able to coerce the TRUE/FALSE into the numeric values one and zero, as shown in the virtual representation below. The last column "Product" represents the result of multiplying the two arrays together. The summed result, 275, is the value that SUMPRODUCT returns. Using the curly brace syntax for arrays, the example looks like this after coercion: =SUMPRODUCT({0,0,1,0,1},{75,100,125,125,150}) and like this after multiplication: =SUMPRODUCT({0,0,125,0,150}) array1 array2 Product * 75 = 100 1 125 150 Sum 275
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Excel SUMPRODUCT Function
SUMPRODUCT with other functions SUMPRODUCT can use other functions directly. You might see SUMPRODUCT used with the LEN function to count total characters in a range, or with functions like ISBLANK, ISTEXT, etc. These are not normally array functions, but when they are given a range, they create a "result array". Because SUMPRODUCT is built to work with arrays, it is able to perform calculations on the arrays directly. This can be a good way to save space in a worksheet, by eliminating the need for a "helper" column. For example, assume you have 10 different text values in A1:A10 and you want to count the total characters for all 10 values. You could add a helper column in column B that uses this formula: LEN(A1) to calculate the characters in each cell. Then you could use SUM to add up all 10 numbers.
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Excel SUMPRODUCT Function
However, using SUMPRODUCT, you can write a formula like this: =SUMPRODUCT(LEN(A1:A10)) When used with a range like A1:A10, LEN will return an array of 10 values. Then SUMPRODUCT will simply sum all values and return the result, with no helper column needed. See examples below many other ways to use SUMPRODUCT. Notes: SUMPRODUCT treats non-numeric items in arrays as zeros. Array arguments must be the same size. Otherwise, SUMPRODUCT will generate a #VALUE! error value. Logical tests inside arrays will create TRUE and FALSE values. In most cases, you'll want to coerce these to 1's and 0's. SUMPRODUCT can often use the result of other functions directly (see formula examples below)
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Excel TAN Function
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Excel TAN Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments Usage notes
Get the tangent of an angle. Return value The tangent value. Syntax =TAN (number) Arguments number - The angle in radians for which you want the tangent. Usage notes To work in degrees rather than radians: TAN(PI()/180) or TAN(RADIANS(number))
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Excel TRUNC Function
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Excel TRUNC Function Purpose Return value Syntax Arguments
Truncate a number to a given precision Return value A truncated number Syntax =TRUNC (number, [num_digits]) Arguments number - The number to truncate. num_digits - [optional] The precision of the truncation (default is 0).
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Excel TRUNC Function Usage notes
Use the TRUNC function to remove the fractional part of a number and return just the integer. For example, TRUNC(4.9) will return 4, and TRUNC(-3.5) will return -3. TRUNC does not do any rounding, it simply returns the integer part of the number. TRUNC can also be used to return a set number of decimal places without rounding, using the num_digits argument. For example, TRUNC (PI(), 2) will return 3.14 and TRUNC (PI(), 3) will return
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Excel TRUNC Function Note; TRUNC and INT are similar functions because they both can return the integer part of a number. However, TRUNC simply truncates a number, while INT actually rounds a number down to an integer. With positive numbers, and when TRUNC is using the default of 0 for num_digits, both functions return the same results. With negative numbers, the results can be different. INT(-3.1) returns -4, because INT rounds down to the lower integer. TRUNC(-3.1) returns -3. If you simply want the integer part of a number, you should use TRUNC.
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Excel AVERAGE Function
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Excel AVERAGE Function
Purpose Get the average of a group of numbers Return value A number representing the average. Syntax =AVERAGE (number1, [number2], ...) Arguments number1 - A number or cell reference that refers to numeric values. number2 - [optional] A number or cell reference that refers to numeric values.
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Excel AVERAGE Function
Usage notes The AVERAGE function returns the average (arithmetic mean) of a group of supplied numbers. To calculate the average, Excel adds the numbers together and divides by the total number of numbers. For example, AVERAGE (2,4,6) returns 4. Numbers can be supplied as numbers, ranges, named ranges, or cell references that contain numeric values. Up to 255 numbers can be supplied. Note: the AVERAGE function will automatically ignore empty cells.
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Excel AVERAGE Function
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Excel AVERAGEA Function
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Excel AVERAGEA Function
Purpose Get the average of a group of numbers and text Return value A number representing the average. Syntax =AVERAGEA (value1, [value2], ...) Arguments value1 - A value or reference to a value that can be evaluated as a number. value2 - [optional] A value or reference to a value that can be evaluated as a number. Usage notes The AVERAGEA function returns the average (arithmetic mean) of a group of supplied values.
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Excel AVERAGEA Function
The key difference between AVERAGEA and AVERAGE is that AVERAGEA will also evaluate the logical values TRUE and FALSE, and numbers represented as text, whereas AVERAGE just skips these values during calculation. For example, AVERAGE (2,4,6,8) returns 5, and AVERAGE ("2",TRUE,6,8) returns 7. AVERAGEA ("2",TRUE,6,8) returns 3.75 (17/4). Values can be supplied as numbers, ranges, named ranges, or cell references that contain values. Up to 255 arguments (called "values" in this case) can be supplied. To calculate the average, Excel adds the numeric value of each value together and divides by the total number of values supplied. AVERAGEA evaluates TRUE as 1 and FALSE as zero.
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