1. What were the effects of Marshall Aid?
Do Now: Discuss what you think the main message of this cartoon is.
All will be able to describe what was Marshall Aid was and what the Berlin blockade was. Most will be to explain why Stalin created the Berlin Blockade. Some will be able decide how effective Stalin’s blockade was.
In your books draw a face representing how confident you are about answering the main message of this cartoon – you need to be able to comment on details from the source, the effect it has on its audience and finally, be able to put it into its historical context.

2. L.O: Can I evaluate the effects of Marshall Aid and Stalin’s response to the creation of West Germany?
Task: Stick in your books on a double page. Annotate the cartoon with notes from the PowerPoint!
This cartoon of 1 October 1947 by EH Shepard for the British magazine Punch shows Marshall (on the left) telling 'Uncle Sam' - i.e. the American nation - that American Aid is needed to shore up the countries of western Europe: 'Come on Sam! It's up to us again.'

3. How do I analyse a source in detail?
you must comment on: What you see. How it effects its audience. Explain its overall meaning in its historical context!

4. What do you see?
Building labelled western Europe about to fall; the prop ‘self help’ is not strong enough to stop it from falling.
How it effects its audience?
The rickety building suggests neglect and failure -Europe’s problems were its own fault.
Explain meaning
War has ruined western Europe democracies and therefore they can’t get going again. So, are in real danger of succumbing to communism.

5. What do you see?
Marshall with his sleeves rolled up, lifting the huge prop labelled ‘American aid’.
How it effects its audience?
Marshall’s rolled up sleeves suggest his attitude is one of determination.
Explain meaning
He believed that pumping money into the European economy would get it going again. (Western Germany was included in the Marshall plan).

6. What do you see?
Uncle Sam (ie American population) sat on the prop smoking a cigarette.
How it effects its audience?
Would appear that he is resisting the act by sitting on top of the act and stopping Marshall from getting to work.
Explain meaning
Many Americans believed in isolationism (did not see why they should give up their taxpayers taxes and were opposed to Marshall’s plan).

7. In your books draw a face representing how confident you are about answering the main message of this cartoon – you need to be able to comment on details from the source, the effect it has on its audience and finally, be able to put it into its historical context.

8. What do you see?
American house very affluent. It has lots of tools – shovel and ladder.
How it effects its audience?
Reminds us of Churchill's request during the war: “ give us the tools and we will finish the job”.
Explain meaning
Only America has the wealth and economic strength to get European economy going again.

9. What do you see?
Western Europe house about to fall on wealthy American house.
How it effects its audience?
In the rich American’s house interest to mend the house next door.
Explain meaning
If western Europe falls to communism America will be next.

10. What do you see?
The house named western Europe.
How it effects its audience?
Specifically western rather than all of Europe.
Explain meaning
Marshall’s aid plan originally for all of Europe to end hunger (and potentially allow American companies to trade with other countries) but Stalin had made the iron curtain countries pull out as he realised with the money there would also be a commitment to ‘western ideas’.

11. Super powers did not want to restore Germany’s military power, but rather restore the economy – therefore the western part of Germany was included in the Marshall plan. This ultimately ended in the USA, French and British zones combining.

12. Stalin’s response to the creation of west Germany: The Berlin blockade
Remind students how Germany (and Berlin) was divided at the end of ww2. Internet required for video on the blockade. May want to stop video prior to air

13. DATE
EVENT
January 1947
Britain and the USA join their two zones together into Bi-zonia (two zones).
December 1947
London Conference: America, Britain and France meet to discuss Germany's future. Russia is not present.
January 1948
Russia starts to stop western literature being sold in the Soviet zone.
March 1948
The USA offers Marshall Aid. Stalin forbids Cominform countries to take part.
April 1948
Russia imposes a partial blockade of west Berlin - Allied transport into the city has to apply for a permit and is inspected.
1 June 1948
America, Britain and France announce they wanted to create a new country of West Germany.
23 June 1948
America, Britain and France introduce a new currency - this causes economic chaos in the Russian zone as everyone tries to get rid of their old money and change to the new currency.
Card sort Task: After video match date with event.

14. Task: Write a paragraph explaining how and why Stalin tried to stop the economic development of western Germany by taking steps such as the Berlin blockade. Stuck? Ask for a summary of the video! Remember to look at today’s success criteria! All will be able to describe what was Marshall Aid was and what the Berlin blockade was. Most will be to explain why Stalin created the Berlin Blockade. Some will be able decide how effective Stalin’s blockade was. EXT: Create a plan on how you would overcome blockade.

15. Check list Check list Have they..... Described Marshall Aid
Described the Berlin Blockade
Explained how and why Stalin decided to blockade west Berlin
Commented on how effective the Berlin Blockade was
Created a plan on how the Berlin Blockade could have been overcome.
WWW:
EBI:
Response to marking: What colour would you say you are
What could you do to improve?
Have they.....
Described Marshall Aid
Described the Berlin Blockade
Explained how and why Stalin decided to blockade west Berlin
Commented on how effective the Berlin Blockade was
Created a plan on how the Berlin Blockade could have been overcome.
WWW:
EBI:
Response to marking: What colour would you say you are
What could you do to improve?
Check list
Check list
Print

16. Summary of video: West Berlin Blockade
British, American and French zones combined to form west Germany. They also combined their zones in Berlin and became Bizonia.
Allies introduce the deutschmark to west Germany and it soon began to prosper.
Stalin worried that a prosperous western Germany would be a threat to the soviets security (and its communist ways).
Stalin decided to try and stop the economic development of western Germany.
24th June Stalin decided to blockade west Berlin by cutting off both roads and rail roads as a result of the introduction of the deutschmark.
Stalin thought that the allies would have to send tanks to smash through the blockade - such action would be seen as an act of war. Stalin doubted that the western powers would go that far, he thought they would abandon their zones and leave the whole of Berlin in Soviet hands.
Print

17. Swap books.....to peer assess!
Stick in stickers then use check list to comment on:
WWW (what went well)
EBI (Even better if)
Response to marking:
What colour would you give yourself?
All will be able to describe what was Marshall Aid was and what the Berlin blockade was.
Most will be to explain why Stalin created the Berlin Blockade.
Some will be able decide how effective Stalin’s blockade was.