1. Genetic Technology DNA Technology Genetic Engineering ALL THE SAME

2. Genetic Engineering: DNA Technology
process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms
uses DNA technology to cure diseases, treat genetic disorders,
improve food crops, etc.

3. How do we make changes to DNA of an organism???
USING….Restriction Enzymes:
bacterial enzymes
act like scissors that
cut DNA molecules
at specific sites
create sticky ends that can easily bind to complementary DNA and form new sequences of nucleotides

5. Plasmids are:
ring of DNA found in a bacterium (bacteria) in addition to its main chromosome
these plasmids can be cut with restriction enzymes, allowing other genes (donor genes) to be spliced into the plasmid
once gene has been spliced into plasmid, the plasmid is returned to the bacteria

6. insulin production

7. Plasmids are: the bacteria then divides, giving copies of the new gene
recombinant DNA- combination of DNA from two or more sources
Ex.: inserting human gene for insulin into bacteria in order to produce large amounts of insulin for people whose bodies do not produce enough

9. MORE DNA Technology Techniques:
DNA Fingerprinting: pattern of bands made up of specific fragments from an organism's DNA
•Uses:
-determining relationships between individuals
-determining how closely species are related
-helping solve crimes

10. DNA Fingerprinting How it works:
use RFLP analysis to (omit) extract DNA and cut it using restriction enzymes
gel electrophoresis: DNA placed into wells made on a gel; fragments or segments of DNA are then separated based on size and charge

12. Gel-Electrophoresis-Animation-

13. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
used to quickly make many
copies of selected segments of DNA, only requires tiny amounts of DNA

14. Conceiving a Clone: Media Center

15. Human Genome Project (began in 1990)
Purposes:
to determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome (approx. 3 billion nucleotide pairs)
to map the location of every gene on each chromosome
improve diagnoses, treatments, and cures for genetic diseases

16. Human Genome Proj.
J. Craig Venter: Designing Life - 60 Minutes - CBS News

17. May be produces asexually… (Mitosis) Growing Body Parts
Cloning:
A group of genetically
Identical cells
May be produces asexually… (Mitosis)
Growing Body Parts

18. Gene Therapy
treating a genetic disorder by introducing a gene into a cell or by correcting a gene defect in a cell's genome
involves ethical decisions - Ex. insurance companies

19. To Rw. Practical Uses of DNA Technology:
produce pharmaceutical products inexpensively
Ex. insulin

20. Practical Uses of DNA Technology:
produce effective vaccines
interesting research--scientists are creating a banana vaccine to vaccinate children against viral diseases like Hepatitis B

21. Practical Uses of DNA Technology:
Increase agricultural yields by:
protecting plants by transferring genes that are harmful to pests into the plants
producing plants that are resistant to weed-controlling chemicals (herbicides)
developing plants that do not require fertilizers to grow

22. NOVA | scienceNOW | Personal DNA Testing | PBS
NOVA Online | Cracking the Code of Life | Watch the Program Here

23. Safety and Environmental Issues
genetically engineered foods may contain toxins, making people allergic to the foods
genetically engineered crops may take over the native plant species

24. Example of Genetic Engineering:
producing tomatoes that ripen without becoming soft and are supposed to taste better than commercially grown tomatoes