1. Adara, Bianca, Caroline, & Nathaniel DeBroux, Period 7
Digestive System
Adara, Bianca, Caroline, & Nathaniel
DeBroux, Period 7

2. Digestion: Digestive System: Primary Function:
The Process by which the large complex molecule in food are broken down into smaller molecules that can be used in the body.
Digestive System:
A collection of organs that breaks down food into energy that can be used in cells.
Primary Function:
The function is digestion and absorption. It is the breakdown of food into small molecules, which are absorbed into the body.

3. Major Organs: Mouth: Pharynx Esophagus Liver Stomach Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Gallbladder
Anus

4. Homeostasis
The Digestive System helps the body maintain Homeostasis because it all depends on the essential nutrients that come in from the food you eat. These nutrients help repair the structure of the Digestive System and replenish it when needed.

5. Other Systems Related:
Circulatory System:
The organs in the digestive system need the circulatory system to continue to digest food.
It needs the blood that the circulatory distributes for its nutrients as well as to have nutrients spread, so that the body can function.
Respiratory System:
All the other systems have to work together as well, without the intake of oxygen and exhalation of carbon dioxide, the function of the digestive would stop.

6. Diseases: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Weakness of the valve between esophagus and stomach allows acid to reflux into the esophagus and irritate the lining
Results in chest pain (heartburn)
Jaundice
Yellowing of skin and eyes from a backup of bile from the blood into body tissues
Caused by blockage of ducts draining bile from the liver into intestines or excessive breakdown of red blood cells

7. Pathway of Food
Step 1) Mouth/Pharynx- Mechanical breakdown of food by chewing and chemical breakdown through saliva
Step 2) Esophagus- Food moves towards the stomach by peristaltic movements
Step 3) Small intestines- Where the food is broken down and also the digestion of starches and salt
Step 4) Appendix- Dead end of cecum, some bacterial action, and produces vitamin K and continues to digest
Step 5) Rectum- Feces (undigested material and bacteria)
Step 6) Anus- Waste leaves the body and digestive system

8. Major Enzymes Amylase & Mycozyme - Aids breakdown of starches
Lipase - Increases the breakdown of fats (lipids)
Protease & Pepsin - Helps the breakdown of protein
Pancreatin - The various pancreatic enzymes
Bile - Emulsifies fats preparing them for further digestion and absorption in the small intestine
Cellulase - an enzyme that breaks down cellulose

9. Intestinal Villi
Villi are small, finger-like projections on the epithelial lining of the small intestine’s walls.
Each villus has many microvilli projecting from the enterocytes collectively form the brush border.
Much smaller than the circular folds in the intestine
Increase surface area of the intestinal walls making a greater area for absorption
Digested nutrients pass into villi through diffusion