1. Definitions of concepts
Lecture Overview
The Past
The Future
Definitions of concepts
Governmental vs. scientific

2. History of Racism in Canada
Why learn about the history of racialized groups?
Stephan & Stephan 02
Cultural Circles Exercise
Similar to Qs: Why learn about own culture?

3. Aboriginals Stereotypes of them Practices toward them
As inferior, incapable
Practices toward them
Indian Act & other practices engaged in
Forcible assimilation,
Segregation (prohibited from leaving reserves w/out a pass, prohibited from land ownership)
Cultural suppression (prevented from celebrating ceremonial events, determined who was an Indian)
Sent children residential schools run by missionaries
No right to vote

4. African Canadians Slavery Practices Segregation
From Schools, churches, restaurants, hospitals, public transport
Residentially: via deeds, leases
Restricted to menial, low-paying, exhausting labour

5. Recruited labour from China, subject to poor working conditions
Chinese Canadians
Recruited labour from China, subject to poor working conditions
Were seen as threat after completing contract work,
Limits on Chinese immigration
Head tax imposition
No voting rights
Limited ability to
own property, run business, enter certain professions & employ people

6. Sent to relocation/detention camps
Other VM Canadians
Japanese Canadians
Sent to relocation/detention camps
Stripped of property, businesses & savings
After war, asked to disperse/repatriate to Japan
South Asian Canadians
Laws controlled their economic & social mobility
Immigration laws
Vancouver incident

7. Prevented from immigration during Nazi persecution
Jewish Canadians
Prevented from immigration during Nazi persecution
Legally prevented from
Staying in Hotel/resorts
Owning, living, buying property, being sold property to

8. Canadian Population in 2017
19-23% of Canadians will be VM
Why?
Immigration
Immigrants will be 22% of pop’n
Higher fertility of VM
Younger age structure of VM

9. Canadian Population in 2017
Who?
Equal proportions of S. Asian & Chinese, next highest is Black
Where?
75% of VM will be living in TO, Vancouver, Montreal
More than 50% of SA & 40% of Chinese in Canada will live in TO
Of the VMs in Montreal, 27% will be Blacks & 19% will be Arab

10. Implications of Forecasts
By VM group
By VM & geographic region
For…
Recruitment
Community Services
Service Industries
What else?

11. An old classification system based on
What is Race
An old classification system based on
Skin colour
Bodily features
Accent/speech
Name
Clothing/grooming
Diet
Beliefs/practices
Leisure preferences
Place of origin
Citizenship

12. Lack of scientific evidence for racial classification system
What is Race
Lack of scientific evidence for racial classification system
Differences within races on important characteristics are greater than those between races
E.g., Spread vs. overlap of distributions

13. Difference between race &….
What is not Race?
Difference between race &….
Gender
Psychological characteristics (e.g., individualism)
Use test of overlap vs. spread of differences
Social belief in existence of race has persisted despite lack of scientific proof
Similar to people’s lay theories of disease
Implications?

14. Prejudice
Discrimination
Stereotype
Stephan & Stephan 02

15. What is discrimination?
Unequal treatment or behavior toward members of different groups (Stephan & Stephan 02)
Distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on group membership impairing human rights (Human rights doc)
Impose burdens not imposed on others
Withhold or limit access to benefits available to others

16. Indicators of Discrimination
Individual
E.g., behaviors like different performance ratings for members of different groups all else being equal
Institutional
Policies, practices, procedures that disadvantage members of some groups
Unequal representation in upper & middle layers of administration, economic & media institutions
Compare with Brief et al

17. Indicators of Discrimination
Societal
Group differences in
Poverty
Imprisonment
Access to employment, housing, healthcare

18. Prejudice
Discrimination
Stereotype
Stephan & Stephan 02

19. What is racism/prejudice?
Negative attitudes
Negative evaluations & feelings
E.g., Evaluations: They are bad…
Feelings: I hate..
Stephan & Stephan 02
Compare w/Human Rights doc definitions
Racism vs. prejudice has notion of power
Sociologically based

20. Associating members of certain groups with certain characteristics
What are stereotypes
Associating members of certain groups with certain characteristics
E.g., Perceived to be alike in some way (i.e. have similar traits)
E.g., Most Asians are “smart”, “geeky”, “have similar eye size”
Can be positive or negative
Can be true/false of group &/ individual
Implications for functionality
Stephan & Stephan 02

21. What are not stereotypes
Discrimination
Behavior vs. thoughts
Psychologically demonstrated characteristics
e.g., collectivism
Asians score higher (in general) on collectivism,
Any single Asian may not score higher than a non-Asian on collectivism
Scores on collectivism can be reliably measured
Scores on collectivism are related to important other characteristics

22. Prejudice Stereotypes Negative Feelings Negative Thoughts
Negative Associations
Stereotypes
Positive Associations

23. A brief history of visible minority groups in Canada
Today’s learning
A brief history of visible minority groups in Canada
Paper topic: What role does understanding the history of VM groups play in diversity mgt?
What will be the nature of Canada’s population?
Compare & contrast the concepts of
Race
Stereotyping
Prejudice
Discrimination