1. Kinematic viscosity measurements
Serina Ng

2. What is the setup? Marking 1 Marking 2 Narrow constriction
Appropriate measuring range
= mm2/s
Storage area
Canon Fenske routine Viscometer

3. Measured values Capillary viscosities of:
Deionised water and pore solution
Fillers in deionised water
Fillers in pore solution
Fillers with SXN in pore solution
T3 as an example in deionised water
Only SXN in deionised water
Formulations based on same recipe as that used for Zeta potential measurements

4. Methodology
SXN (when needed) was dispersed in solution prior to addition of filler
Fillers was added to prepared solution
Sample was filtered using filter paper
Solution was employed to pre wash the viscometer before filling up
Each sample was measured twice
For accuracy, new preparation where measurements was repeated twice again
For pore solution preparation:
700 g cement was added to 350 g water over 1 min and stirred for another
From which, four 50mL centrifuge tubes were filled with paste
Centrifuge at 4,000 rpm for 5 min
Supernatant filtered before usage

5. Results – Pore solution versus deionised water (pure)

6. Results – Fillers in deionised water
Δ = 0.6%
Δ = 0.5%
Δ = 0.14%
Δ = 0.1%

7. Results – Fillers in pore solution
Δ = 0.6%
Δ = 0.5%
Δ = 0.2%
Δ = 0.2%
Δ = 0.1%

8. Results – Comparison between in DI and PS (w/o SXN)

9. Results – in PS, with 0.2%SXN
Δ = 0.5%
Δ = 0.4%

10. Results – in PS, with 1% SXN
Δ = -2.6%

11. Results – Comparison on effect of SXN in PS
Δ = 36%
Δ = 25%
Δ = 5%
Δ = 6%
Δ = 6%

12. Results – in DI water, no filler versus with T3

13. Short summary + outlook
Change in following factors affect viscosity:
Medium (DI to PS): increase viscosity but no effect on filler systems
SXN dosage: large, but only significant at higher dosages
Filler: T5 > T4 > T3
Dispersion of T5 very high at 1% SXN  could contribute to deviation in trend
Measure the viscosity of SXN in pore solution only
Measure the same trend for T4 and T5 in the deionised water to better determine the effect in the interaction between fillers and electrolytes in solution
Test an alternative PCE/ SP
Test on 'actual' fillers from project

14. Based on calculations using specific SA.