1. Single Replacement Reactions
Silver replacing Copper in reaction of silver nitrate and copper
Link to silver nitrate and copper

2. “Like replaces Like”
Element + Compound → Compound + Element
Metals replace metals and halogens replace halogens.
A + BC → AC + B
Where A, B are metals, C is a nonmetal or negative polyatomic ion.
A2 + BC → BA + C2
Where B is a metal, A and C are halogens (F, Cl, Br or I)
Link to McGraw-Hill tutorial

3. Example #1: Demo of Aluminum + Copper(II) chloride
Al (s) + CuCl2 (aq) →
Aluminum
Cu+2
Cl -1
Copper(II) Chloride solution
Blue color is due to presence of Cu+2 ion dissolved in water

4. What is the reddish solid that formed
What is the reddish solid that formed? Why has the solution turned from blue to colorless?
Immediately after mixing
Final appearance after 30 minutes

5. Predicting Products of Al + CuCl2 rxn
Neutral metals don’t dissolve; + charged metals ions do dissolve
Lines of evidence:
Reddish solid = copper
Blue color disappears = Cu+2 is disappearing
Al dissolves (clear, colorless ion in water)
Conclusion: Al has replaced Cu
Al (s) + CuCl2 (aq) →

6. Predicting Products of Al + CuCl2 rxn
Neutral metals don’t dissolve; + charged metals ions do dissolve
Lines of evidence:
Reddish solid = copper
Blue color disappears = Cu+2 is disappearing
Al dissolves (clear, colorless ion in water)
Conclusion: Al has replaced Cu
Al (s) + CuCl2 (aq) → Al+3Cl-1 + Cu
Al (s) + CuCl2 (aq) → AlCl3 (aq) + Cu (s)

7. Predicting Products of Al + CuCl2 rxn
Neutral metals don’t dissolve; + charged metals ions do dissolve
Lines of evidence:
Reddish solid = copper
Blue color disappears = Cu+2 is disappearing
Al dissolves (clear, colorless ion in water)
Conclusion: Al has replaced Cu
Al (s) + CuCl2 (aq) → Al+3Cl-1 + Cu
Al (s) + CuCl2 (aq) → AlCl3 (aq) + Cu (s)
2Al(s) + 3CuCl2 (aq) → 2AlCl3 (aq) + 3Cu (s)

8. Halogen replaces Halogen
A2 + BC → BA + C2
Where B is a metal, A and C are halogens (F, Cl, Br or I)
KI(aq) + Cl2 (aq) →

9. Halogen replaces Halogen
A2 + BC → BA + C2
Where B is a metal, A and C are halogens (F, Cl, Br or I)
KI(aq) + Cl2 (aq) → K+1Cl I2 (diatomic!)

10. Halogen replaces Halogen
A2 + BC → BA + C2
Where B is a metal, A and C are halogens (F, Cl, Br or I)
KI(aq) + Cl2 (aq) → K+1Cl I2 (diatomic!)
KI(aq) + Cl2 (aq) → KCl + I2

11. Halogen replaces Halogen
A2 + BC → BA + C2
Where B is a metal, A and C are halogens (F, Cl, Br or I)
KI(aq) + Cl2 (aq) → K+1Cl I2 (diatomic!)
KI(aq) + Cl2 (aq) → KCl + I2
2KI(aq) + Cl2 (aq) → 2 KCl + I2
Link to Potassium Iodide and Chlorine

12. Activity Series
Some processes are spontaneous in one direction but not the other
Example: Rock can fall from a cliff to the ground, but a rock on the ground can’t climb the cliff by itself.

13. Single replacement rxns will run in one direction but not the other
Example: Mg + 2 HCl → MgCl2 + H2
But MgCl2 + H2 → No reaction
Link to MgCl2 + H2 video
Mg + HCl
Energy
MgCl2 + H2
Rxn Progress

14. Data from your lab Metal Mg+2 (MgCl2) Cu+2 (CuCl2) Zn+2 (ZnSO4) Mg X +NR Zn
X = not tested NR = No reaction + = reaction
Link to activity series animations

15. Using an activity series chart (table 3-3 on page 7 of lab manual) to predict whether a rxn will occur
Is the element in reaction a metal or a halogen? (To decide which column chart to use)
What is the metal or halogen in the compound?
If the element is higher on the activity chart than the metal or halogen in the compound the reaction will occur.

16. Example #1: Will the following rxn occur?
Ag + HCl →
Step #1: Element is Ag = metal
Step #2: Metal in compound is always first element in formula = H.
On metal activity chart, is element, Ag, higher than H?
No, Ag is lower No reaction will occur.

17. Example #2: Will a rxn occur?
F2 + KCl →
Step #1: Element = F2, a halogen
Step #2: Halogen is formula is always second = Cl
Step #3: Is element (F) higher than halogen (Cl) in compound?
Yes; rxn will occur.
Products: Cl2 and KF

18. Applications of Activity Series: A more active metal being used to protect a metal supporting a structure
Using Zinc (more active) to protect iron (less chemically active but physically stronger); the iron inside the concrete is helping to support the weight of the bridge