1. Renewable & Non-renewable
ENERGY
Renewable & Non-renewable

2. History Sources used by our ancestors: wood whale oil
dried dung (animal feces)
peat – organic matter in bog areas
mainly renewable sources

3. Non-renewable Energy Fossil Fuels:
formed from the decomposition of plants and animals over 300 million years ago
heat and pressure from sedimentation and plate movement turned organic material into peat, then into carbon rock (coal) or liquid (petroleum)
once removed from earth, it can’t be replaced
most common energy source on earth (75% of world’s energy in 2005, )

4. Burning Fossil Fuels
releases the carbon trapped in the fuel into the atmosphere as CO2
contributes to greenhouse effect, acid rain and smog (health issues)
can run out
many experts think we’re already past peak oil

5. Coal primary energy source from 1880’s to 1950’s
produces most CO2 and SO2 of all fossil fuels (dirtiest)
open pit mines alter the landscape
dangerous career (underground mining)
YouTube - CCL Video Blog -- Santee Cooper Coal Plant
YouTube - Coal Power
Electrical Generation from Fossil Fuels

7. Clean Coal Technologies
Coal Washing
removes minerals by mixing crushed coal with liquid
allows impurities to separate and settle
Coal Scrubbers
remove SO2 by spraying emissions with limestone and water
forms synthetic gypsum (found in drywall)

8. Electrostatic precipitators
remove particles that aggravate asthma
charges particles with an electrical field and then captures them on collection plates
Gasification
avoids burning coal altogether.
steam and hot pressurized air forces carbon molecules apart
resulting syngas, (CO & H) is cleaned and burned in a gas turbine to make electricity
HowStuffWorks "What is clean coal technology?"

9. removes CO2 before its burned collects it into secure containers
5. Carbon capture & storage (CCS/Sequestration)
removes CO2 before its burned
collects it into secure containers
stores it either in earth or oceans until CO2 levels in atmosphere fall again
Underground Storage:
inject CO2 into the earth where it gets absorbed by unminable coal seams
a process called enhanced oil recovery already uses CO2 to maintain pressure and improve extraction in oil reservoirs.

10. Problems:
Leakage – some CCS sites have experience leakage, resulting in deaths of animals and people
Cost – will probably cause energy prices to rise
Ocean storage:
injects liquid CO2 into waters 500 to 3,000 meters deep where it dissolves under pressure
slightly decreases pH and potentially harms marine habitats
Carbon Capture & Sequestation Video

11. Petroleum – 2 kinds 1. Crude Oil – yellowish black liquid
drilled from underground reservoirs
refined into different types of fuel
inexpensive to refine and transport
approx 86 million barrels oil/day extracted
burning produces CO2
oil spills threaten ecosystems

12. Peak Oil:
point in time when max rate of oil extraction is reached
starts to decline after the peak
some projections say peak happened in 2006
other project it to hit in 2020

13. Oil Sands (Tar Sands)
mix of clay, sand, water and bitumen (black, sulphuric, oil)
removed from the surface by using huge amounts of energy for steam injection and refining
generates 2 to 4 times the amount of greenhouse gases per barrel
The Oil Sands Of Alberta
Tar Nation! | Tar Sands Watch

14. 2. Natural Gas
mixture of gases incl. methane & propane
burns more efficiently than oil
produces 1/3 less CO2
cheaper and easier to transport than oil
main problem is flaring, burning off unprocessed natural gas to avoid explosions due to gas build up
releases hydrogen sulphide and CO2
YouTube - natural gas flaring

15. Nuclear Energy neither renewable or non-renewable
created by releasing the energy in the nucleus of a uranium atom
can either be fission (break nucleus apart), or fusion (join nuclei together
to create larger atom)
power plants use fission to
make electricity like coal or
natural gas burning power plants

16. Advantages:
creates large amounts of electricity
no fossil fuels are burned so no GG released
uranium plentiful in Canada
inexpensive to mine

17. Disadvantages:
radioactive wastes that may emit radiation for thousands of years
storage of nuclear wastes?
expensive to build
maintenance costs of reactors
safety concerns (Chernobyl exposed 600,000 ppl to radiation causing over 4000 deaths)

18. Canada:
15% of Canada’s energy from nuclear
16 reactors provide 50% of power for Ont
govt has proposed building several new plants
Sask is world’s largest uranium provider (21%)