1. Mid-Term Review
Day 2

2. Topics 7: Cell Theory
23. Robert Hook = Discovered the first cells using early microscope 24. Schleiden and Schwann = helped format early cell theory (postulates 1 & 2) 25. Virchow = Helped form early cell theory (postulate 1) Postulates of Cell Theory 1. Cells come from other cells 2. Cell is the most basic unit of life 3. All living things are made of cells

3. Topic 8: Types of Cells
27. Prokaryotic cells = no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, usually unicellular 28. Eukaryotic cells = have nucleus, membrane bound organelles, can be multicellular 29. Compare the two types of cells =

4. Topic 9: Organelles in cells
30. Know the functions of the following organelles
a. Nucleus = Contains the DNA/Chromatin
b. Nucleolus = Contains lots of DNA/makes ribosomes
c. Cell membrane = Protects cell, cell transport barrier
d. Cell wall = Rigid structure in plant/fungi cells, outside
e. Golgi apparatus = Sorts and organizes proteins for delivery
f. Lysosomes = Filled with enzymes for breakdown/recycling
g. Vacuoles = Storage for cell (large in plants, small in animal)
h. Vesicles = Transports substances inside of cell

5. Topic 9: Organelles in cells
i. Rough ER = studded with ribosomes, makes proteins j. Smooth ER = makes lipids, no ribosomes, moves protein k. Mitochondria = makes energy in cell respiration (ATP) l. Chloroplasts = where photosynthesis occurs (plants) m. Cytoskeleton = protein framework to build cell on n. Cytoplasm = jelly-like interior of cell

6. Topic 9: Organelles in cells
31. Structure of the cell membrane – phospholipid bilayer – two layers of phospholipids Fluid mosaic model – many parts, moves freely. 33. Phospholipids = lipids that have a phosphate head and they make up most of the cell membrane. Polar head, non-polar tail

7. Topic 10: Transport in and out of cells
34. Passive transport = requires no energy – moves down concentration gradient (CG) a. Osmosis = movement of H2O down CG b. Diffusion = movement of solutes down CG c. Facilitated diffusion = use of protein pathways in membrane down CG 35. Active Transport = uses energy – moves up CG a. Endocytosis = items move INTO the cell b. Exocytosis = times move OUT of the cell

8. Topic 11: Microscopes
36. Types of microscopes a. Light = uses optical light to seen cells (low powered, might require staining) b. Electron scanning = very high power, uses beam of electron to bound electrons off surface (requires vacuum) c. Transmission electron = very high power, look through small objects (requires vacuum) d. Making a wet mount slide = add object, add water, add coverslip (done on light microscope)

9. End of Day 2