1. Word List
Timeline
Mu‘awiya ibn
Abi Sufyan
Umayyads
Marw/Merv
Umayyad
caliphate.
Caliphate of
Mu‘awiya.
706-9 Bukhara taken.
Samarqand taken.

2. Map Link: The Muslim Conquests:
<
muslimconquestsmap.gif>

3. Word List
Timeline
Berbers
Visigoths
Jabal Tariq
(Gibralter)
Charles Martel
Most of Spain
taken.
Last attack on
Constantinople.
732 or 733 Franks defeat
Muslims at Tours/
Poitiers.

4. Word List
Timeline
‘Abd al-Malik
qadi (judge)
jizya (poll tax)
Caliphate of
‘Abd al-Malik.

5. Word List
Timeline
mawali (non-Arab
converts)
hadith ‘ilm (knowledge/divine guidance)
imam (prayer/spiritual leader) kharijis
shi‘is ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib al-Husayn
Karbala’ Ja‘far al-Sadiq Ibn al-Hanafiyya
680 Death of al-Husayn
at Karbala’.

6. Word List
Timeline
Sunni Islam
(“mainstream” Islam)
Marwan II
‘Abbasids
Hashim ‘Abd Allah ibn al-‘Abbas
Abu Muslim Khurasan
c. 745 ‘Abbasids send
Abu Muslim east to raise
revolt.
747 Abu Muslim raises
revolt in Khurasan.

7. Timeline
749 Battle of the Lower Zab. Abu’l-‘Abbas
al-Saffah acclaimed caliph in Kufa.
750 Battle of the Upper Zab. Marwan II
and other Umayyads killed. ‘Abd al-Rahman
escapes to Spain.

8. Object List
Great Umayyad Mosque, Damascus, from the air. (Sacred Sites:
<
Plan of Prophet’s Mosque, Medina. (F)
The Great Mosque at Damascus: ‘Umayya Mosque’. 8th c AD. Plan. (F)
Courtyard, Great Umayyad Mosque, Damascus. (A)
The Great Mosque at Damascus, exterior view: colonnade. 8th c AD. (F)
Prayer Hall, Great Umayyad Mosque, Damascus. (Al Mashriq:
<
Mihrab, Great Umayyad Mosque, Damascus. (A)
F = Ferret, A = Archnet

9. Object List
Mihrab and minbar, Great Umayyad Mosque, Damascus. (Al Mashriq:
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The Great Mosque at Damascus, interior view: Mihrab niche and part of
Minbar. 8th c AD. (F)
Mosaics from the Great Mosque of Damascus; 8th c AD. Architecture
and decorative band. (F)
Mosaics from the Great Mosque of Damascus; detail of mosaics, river
landscape. 8th c AD. (F)
Mosaics from the Great Mosque of Damascus; 8th c AD. Architecture.(F)
Mosaics from the Great Mosque of Damascus; 8th c AD. Buildings and
tree. (F)
F = Ferret, A = Archnet

10. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; exterior view; front view. 7th c AD. (F)
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; exterior view; aerial view of Mount
Moriah. 7th c AD. (F)
The Noble Sanctuary viewed from Mount Scopus. (Alistair Duncan, The
Noble Sanctuary (London: Longman, 1972), p. 9.)
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; interior view; The Double Ambulatory.
7th c AD. (F)
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; cutaway plan. Mosaics on the interior.
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; interior view; The Sacred Rock surrounded
by a portico. 7th c AD. (F)
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; interior view of decoration and inscription. (F)
F = Ferret, A = Archnet

11. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; exterior view; close aerial view. 7th c AD.
(F)
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; interior view; Detail. 7th c AD. (F)
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; ornamental detail. 7th c AD. (F)
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; ornamental detail; Vase with acanthus
scroll. 7th c AD. (F)
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; ornamental detail; Jar with floral motif,
mosaic and glass, 7th c AD. (F)
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; ornamental detail; mosaic and glass floral
motif. 7th c AD. (F)
Mosaic crown and breastplate in the Dome of the Rock. (Richard Ettinghausen
and Oleg Grabar, The Art and Architecture of Islam,
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), p. 33.)
F = Ferret, A = Archnet

12. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem. 7th c AD. (F)
Floor plan of the Aqsa Mosque. (A)
Central nave of the Aqsa Mosque.
(Wikipedia: <
Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem. Interior. 7th c AD. (F)
Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem, Mosaic detail. 7th c AD. (F)
Aqsa Mosque. Mosaic under arch under dome. (A)
Aqsa Mosque. Qibla end of the central nave. (Wikipedia:
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Aqsa Mosque. Mystery object! (A)

13. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Plan of Mshatta, Syria c. 750 AD. (F)
Section of façade of Mshatta Palace, 8th c. (Volkmar Enderlein
et al., Museum für Islamische Kunst (Mainz: Verlag Philipp
von Zabern, 2001), pp )
Closer view of Mshatta Palace Façade, 8th c. (Niall Christie, Personal
Collection: <
mshatta1.jpg>.)
Façade of Mshatta Palace, 8th c. (Volkmar Enderlein et al., Museum
für Islamische Kunst (Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 2001),
pp )
Façade of Mshatta Palace, 8th c. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection:
<
mshatta2.jpg>.)

14. ‘Anjar, Lebanon; plan. 8th c AD. (F)
‘Anjar, Lebanon; view of ruins. 8th c AD. (F)
‘Anjar, Lebanon; ruins. 8th c AD. (F)
‘Anjar, Lebanon; detail of columns. 8th c AD. (F)
Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi. Exterior view. 8th c AD. (F)
Gaia and Marine Centaur from Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi. 8th c AD. (F)
Detail from Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi. 8th c AD. (F)
Qusayr ‘Amra; exterior of the baths, ca (F)
F = Ferret, A = Archnet

15. Object List Qusayr ‘Amra. Plan. (A)
Qusayr ‘Amra; cupola of bath. 8th c AD. (F)
Qusayr ‘Amra. Fresco of the zodiac in the caldarium vault. (A)
Qusayr ‘Amra. Detail of a transverse arch in the entry hall. (A)
Qusayr ‘Amra. Fresco detail. (A)
Mural paintings from bath of Qusayr ‘Amra. 8th c AD. (F)
Khirbat al-Mafjar, 8th c. (Islamic Architecture:
F = Ferret, A = Archnet

16. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Detail of stucco from Khirbat al-Mafjar, Jordan. 8th c AD. (F)
Khirbat al-Mafjar, dome, 8th c. Six heads in flower. (Richard Ettinghausen
and Oleg Grabar, The Art and Architecture of Islam,
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), p. 61.)
Khirbat al-Mafjar, 8th c. Female attendant, and dancing figure in
pendentive. (Richard Ettinghausen and Oleg Grabar, The Art
and Architecture of Islam, (New Haven: Yale
University Press, 1994), p. 62.)
Khirbat al-Mafjar, 8th c. Standing caliph in Persian style. (Islamic
Architecture: <
Mosaic pavement from the audience room of Khirbat al-Mafjar.
Jericho. C. 740 AD. Al-Walid II? (F)
F = Ferret, A = Archnet

17. Object List Coin of Mu‘awiya. (Bernard Lewis, The Middle East (London:
Phoenix, 1996), betw. pp )
Semissis of Heraclius, (Byzantine Coins Home Page:
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Persian Coin altered by Muslims. (Robert Hillenbrand, Islamic Art and
Architecture (London: Thames and Hudson, 1999), p. 19.)
Umayyad Coin, 8th c. AD. (F [with three figures])
F = Ferret, A = Archnet

18. Object List Solidus of Heraclius, 641. (Byzantine Coins Home Page:
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Umayyad Coin, 8th c. AD. (F [with caliph and armless cross])
Umayyad Coin, 8th c. AD. (F [with Arabic script])
King on a hunt; gilt silver, 19 cm diameter. Iran. 7th-8th c AD. (F)
Earthenware unglazed ewer with incised décor. Iraq: early 8th c. (F)
F = Ferret, A = Archnet

19. Object List
Brass ewer cast and engraved: Fayyum, Egypt. Mid-8th c? 41cm.
Museum of Islamic Arts, Cairo. (F)
Two pieces of red woven silk (Caliph Marwan II): Syria: mid-7th c AD.
(F)
Woven hanging of wool and undyed linen. Egypt or Palestine (detail).
8th c AD. (F)
Woven tapestry of the “Victorious Emperor”. 8th c AD. Egypt. Wool
and linen x 22.9cm. Victoria and Albert Museum, London.
Carpet (mystery object!): Cairo (?). 8th c AD. (F)
F = Ferret, A = Archnet