1. Regional and Global Atmospheric Changes
Chapter 21
Regional and Global Atmospheric Changes

2. Global Climate Change
Mean annual global temperature,1960–2003

3. Global Climate Change
The Causes of Global Climate Change

4. Global Climate Change The Causes of Global Climate Change
CO2 in the atmosphere

5. Global Climate Change The Causes of Global Climate Change
Enhanced Greenhouse Effect

6. Global Climate Change Other Pollutants Cool the Atmosphere
Specifically, the aerosol effect
Caused by sulfur emissions

7. Global Climate Change
Developing Climate Models

8. Global Climate Change Effects of Global Climate Change
Melting Ice and Rising Sea Levels
1957
1998

9. Global Climate Change Effects of Global Climate Change
Melting Ice and Rising Sea Levels

10. Global Climate Change Effects of Global Climate Change
Melting Ice and Rising Sea Levels
Melting permafrost

11. Global Climate Change Effects of Global Climate Change
Changes in Precipitation Patterns

12. Global Climate Change Effects of Global Climate Change
Effects on Organisms
Present range of beech trees
Predicted range after climate change

13. Global Climate Change Effects of Global Climate Change
Effects on Human Health

14. Global Climate Change Effects of Global Climate Change
Effects on Agriculture
- Current farmlands could be rendered unusable
- Location of crop types could be shifted

15. Global Climate Change Effects of Global Climate Change
Global Climate Change May Cause Unforeseen Events
- Disruption of the ocean conveyor belt
(could induce “ice age” in Europe)

16. Global Climate Change
International Implications of Global Climate Change
Highly Developed versus Developing Nations

17. Global Climate Change
International Implications of Global Climate Change
International Efforts to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
- Kyoto Protocol
(currently, not ratified by US)

18. More serious climate change effects More adaptation required
Global Climate Change
Specifics on How to Deal with Global Climate Change
More serious climate change effects
Less mitigation
More greenhouse gases produced
Greater impact on humans and natural environment
More adaptation required

19. Less serious climate change effects Less adaptation required
Global Climate Change
Specifics on How to Deal with Global Climate Change
Less serious climate change effects
More mitigation
Less greenhouse gases produced
Lesser impacts on humans and natural environment
Less adaptation required

20. Global Climate Change Mitigation of Global Climate Change
Alternatives to fossil fuels
Sequestering Carbon in Trees
Carbon Management
Fertilizing the Ocean with Iron

21. Global Climate Change Adaptation to Global Climate Change
Coastal populations
move inland
construct levees
Adapt to shifting agricultural zones

22. Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere
Stratospheric ozone layer
Reduced levels of ozone
Normal levels of ozone

23. Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere
Ozone thinning

24. Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere
The Causes of Ozone Depletion
Main problem: CFCs
Other chemicals:
Halons
Methyl bromide
Methyl chloroform
Carbon tetrachloride
Nitrous oxide

25. Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere
The Effects of Ozone Depletion
Potentially, increased incidence of skin cancers

26. Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere
Case-in-Point: Facilitating the Recovery of the Ozone Layer
Montreal Protocol stipulated a reduction in CFCs
Smuggling CFCs remains a problem

27. Acid Deposition AKA: Acid rain
In US, damage from acid deposition is estimated at $10 billion

28. Acid Deposition
Measuring Acidity

29. Acid Deposition
How Acid Deposition Develops

30. Acid Deposition The Effects of Acid Deposition
Acid Deposition and Forest Decline

31. Acid Deposition

32. Acid Deposition The Politics of Acid Deposition
Acid deposition not limited to locations where it originates.
IL, IN, MO, OH, PA, TN, WV produce % of acid deposition that contaminates New England and southeastern Canada

33. Acid Deposition Facilitating Recovery from Acid Deposition
Reduction of emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides curbs acid deposition

34. Links Among Global Climate Change, Ozone Depletion, and Acid Deposition
Evidence has surfaced of combined effects of acid deposition, ozone depletion, and climate warming
Climate Warming May Hurt Ozone Recovery