1. : The World at War

2. Differing Viewpoints “The Great War” “The War to End All Wars”
“The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”

3. Causes of the War

4. M.A.N.I.A. (Causes of WW I) Militarism Alliances Nationalism
Imperialism
Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand

5. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
1. Militarism & Arms Race
Building up the military (tanks, guns, boats, etc.)
Increase in Defense Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%

6. 2. The Alliance System
Triple Entente:
Triple Alliance:

7. Two Armed Camps!
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:

8. Victor Emmanuel II [It]
The Major Players:
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
Nicholas II [Rus]
Wilhelm II [Ger]
George V [Br]
Victor Emmanuel II [It]
Enver Pasha [Turkey]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Franz Josef [A-H]

9. Europe in 1914

10. 3. Aggressive Nationalism

11. 4. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

12. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe

13. The “Spark”

14. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

15. 5. The Assassination: Sarajevo

16. The Assassin:
Gavrilo Princip

17. The Plot
Serbian nationalists (Black Hand) wanted Bosnia to join Serbia.
They thought that assassinating the Archduke would start a war which would lead to uniting Serbia.
Gavrilo Princip shot Ferdinand and his wife Sophia in Sarajevo.

18. The Ultimatum
Austria-Hungary believed that the Serbian gov’t was behind the assassination.
AH issues an ultimatum to allow AH to enter Serbia to investigate.
Serbia rejects the ultimatum.
AH declares war against Serbia on July 28, 1914.

19. Europe is at War!
Russia mobilizes its army on July 29 to support Serbia (only had plans to mobilize against both AH and Germany).
Germany mobilized and declared war on Russia on Aug 1 (Germany’s plans were to mobilize against both Russia & France).

20. The Fighting Begins!
Germany declared war France August 3 because war plans (Schieffen plan) called to attack France first and attack through neutral Belgium.
Because Germany cut through Belgium Britain declared war on Germany on August 4.

21. The Schlieffen Plan

22. German Atrocities in Belgium

23. Mobilization Home by Christmas! No major war in 50 years! Nationalism!
It's a long way to Tipperary,
It's a long way to go;
To the sweetest girl I know!
Goodbye, Piccadilly,
Farewell, Leicester Square,
It's a long, long way to Tipperary,
But my heart's right there!

24. Recruitment Posters

25. Recruits of the Central Powers
A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother
Austro-Hungarians

26. New French Recruits

27. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

29. Women and the War Effort

30. Financing the War

31. For Recruitment

32. Munitions Workers

33. French Women Factory Workers

34. German Women Factory Workers

35. Working in the Fields

36. A Woman Ambulance Driver

37. Red Cross Nurses

38. Women in the Army Auxiliary

39. Russian Women Soldiers

40. Posters: Wartime Propaganda

41. American Poster

42. Financing the War

43. German Poster
Think of Your Children!

44. The Western Front: A “War of Attrition”

45. A Multi-Front War

46. The Western Front

47. Trench Warfare

48. Trench Warfare
“No Man’s Land”

49. Verdun – February, 1916 German offensive.
Each side had 500,000 casualties.

50. The Somme – July, 1916 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

51. War Is HELL !!

52. Sacrifices in War

53. Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

54. America Joins the Allies

55. The Sinking of the Lusitania

56. The Zimmerman Telegram

57. The Yanks Are Coming!

58. Americans in the Trenches

59. The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

60. French Renault Tank

61. British Tank at Ypres

62. U-Boats

63. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

64. “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
The Airplane
“Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

65. The Flying Aces of World War I
Eddie Rickenbacher, US
Francesco Barraco, It.
Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.
Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”]
Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr.
Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg.

66. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

67. Looking for the “Red Baron?”

68. The Zeppelin

69. Flame Throwers
Grenade Launchers

70. Poison Gas
Machine Gun

71. “Art” of World War I

72. “A Street in Arras” John Singer Sargent, 1918

73. “Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

74. “Gassed and Wounded” Eric Kennington, 1918

75. “Paths of Glory” C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

76. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies
50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

77. The Armistice is Signed!
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!

78. 9,000,000 Dead

79. The Somme American Cemetery, France
116,516 Americans Died

80. World War I Casualties

81. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

82. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey
1914
1922
Erzerum
215,000
1,500
Van
197,000
500
Kharbert
204,000
35,000
Diarbekir
124,000
3,000
Bitlis
220,000
56,000
Sivas
225,000
16,800
Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey
Western Anatolia
371,800
27,000
Cilicia and Northern Syria
309,000
70,000
European Turkey
194,000
163,000
Trapizond District
73,390
15,000
Total
2,133,190
387,800