1. Kuo, Xuan-Qi Chang, Ya-Ting Han, Yen-Ju
A Study of Concepts of High School Students for Japanese Wedding Ceremony and Funeral Customs 探討高中生對日本婚禮與喪禮文化認知
Hello everyone, welcome to our presentation. 講各自的名字 Today, we are going to show you "A Study of Concepts of High School Students for Japanese Cultures：The Case of Wedding Ceremony and Funeral Customs".
Kuo, Xuan-Qi
Chang, Ya-Ting
Han, Yen-Ju

2. Agenda Background & Motivation Purposes of Research
Introduction
Features: Japanese Wedding Ceremony
Features: Japanese Funeral Customs
Results of Questionnaire
Finding & Discussions
The Results of Study
The Suggestions of Study
Conclusion
We have divided our talk into three parts. First is the introduction, second is finding and discussions, and end with the conclusion

3. Background and Motivation
Traveling abroad become common.
Japan is the first choice of traveling for Taiwanese in recent 3 years.
The cultures in Japan and Taiwan seem to be similar but different.
We would like to do the profound research on this appealing Japanese culture through the Internet and related papers.
According to the report, Japan is the first choice for Taiwanese in 3 years. Even more than 80% of people visited Japan. Moreover, the cultures between these two countries are similar and still quite different.

4. Purposes of Research A. To realize Japanese Wedding Ceremony
B. To realize Japanese funeral customs
C. To analyze the concepts of high school students about Japanese culture
Due to the background and motivation. We want to realize Japanese wedding ceremony and funeral customs. And to analyze the concepts of

5. Finding & Discussions Features: Japanese Wedding Ceremony
Features: Japanese Funeral Customs
Results of Questionnaire
We against the features of "Japanese Wedding Ceremony" and "Japanese Funeral Customs". Then, we will explore the results of questionnaire

6. Japanese Wedding Dress
The bride’s hair should be combed with a tortoise shell.
The bride always has to change several sets of clothing.
The biggest differences of Japanese wedding ceremony from Taiwanese are the wedding dress and cash gifts. First of all, in traditional Japanese wedding, the bride’s hair should be combed with a tortoise shell which implies a good wish of being a kind wife in the future. Secondly, the bride always has to change several sets of clothing.

7. Japanese Wedding “Cash Gifts”
White Envelope
The cash should be used in the odd numbers
To prevent the digits "Four" and "Nine".
As for the Japanese Wedding, the guests need to put their cash gifts into the white envelope. Most important of all, the cash should be used in the odd numbers, and the mantissa should prevent the digits of "Four" and "Nine".

8. Japanese Funeral : Flowers
White Chrysanthemum
Sadness
Infinite memories
purity
The white chrysanthemum is regarded as the main flower in Japanese funeral ceremony. The flower is said the representative of sadness, infinite memories and clean.

9. Japanese Funeral :Tablets
Spirit Tablets
To accommodate nine to ten ancestors
A pull-page-style “roster“
The ancient ancestral “tablets” can contain nine to ten ancestors at once, as if all ancestors could have gathered together. Moreover, “the data directory”, which is a pull-page-style “roster” called the "past account". It shows the ancestors’ historical events and birthdays.

10. Japanese Funeral :Coffin
Japanese Coffin
98% cremation
Environment friendly materials
Required in the same standard.
Due to the custom of cremation, it is forbidden usage to pick up food from one chopsticks to another.
The rate of cremation in Japan is up to 98% and funeral ceremony must be required by law and be even completed within three days. Japanese coffin must be made by the most environmentally friendly materials which are easier to burn completely and less air pollution. The coffins must be required in the same standard

11. Differences : Funeral Customs
Funeral Ceremony
Taiwanese
Japanese
Funeral Supplies
Funeral supplies, funeral gifts
Holding the main card and photos
Preparation Supplies
Washbasin, towel, coffin
White shroud and cotton
Color
Dark and black
All Black
Accessories
Not required
A chain of necklaces
Meal Arrangement
Meal-banquet
Tea and snacks
Funeral supplies: As to Taiwanese, there are funeral supplies, funeral gifts; as to Japanese, holding the main card, photos.
Preparation supplies: As to Taiwanese, there are washbasin, towel, and coffin; as to Japanese, white shroud and cotton.
Color: As to Taiwanese, there are dark and black; as to Japanese, black.
Style: As to Taiwanese, there are their clothes; as to Japanese, mourning.
Meal arrangements: As to Taiwanese, there are feeding; as to Japanese, tea and snacks

12. Result of Questionnaire-1
1. What is the representative color for Japanese wedding?
“Red” is 79%
“White” is 13%
“I don't know” is 8%
Analysis:
From the chart we can conclude that, 79 percent of interviewees think “red is the representative of Japanese wedding”; 13 percentages are “white”; and 8 percentages are “I don't know”. As we can infer from the result, as we expected, most the interviewees thought “red, but correct one is “white.”
Based on this result, we get many people think that red is the meaning of luckiness. But in Japanese wedding, white is the symbol for good fortune.

13. Result of Questionnaire-2
2. Do you know what kind of cash envelope is used in Japan?
“Red” is 79%
“White” is 13%
“I don't know” is 8%
Analysis:
Based on the pie chart, 37% of interviewees: “I don't know”; Red(79%); “White” is 31%. Unlike our expectation, more than half interviewees don’t know the correct answer: White Envelope.

14. Result of Questionnaire-3
3.Do you think whether the guests could toast actively on Japanese wedding or not?
“Yes” is 12%
“I don't know”41%
“No” is 47%
Analysis:
As the chart shows, 12 percent of interviewees think that the guest can toast actively in Japanese wedding; 41 percentages are “I don’t know”. 47 percentages think “No”. Through this chart, we can infer that almost half of our interviewees(47%) think that the guests could not toast actively in Japanese wedding.
Through this chart, we can know that do not take the toast actively is the respect to the couple.

15. Result of Questionnaire-4
4.Which method is used in Japanese funeral?
“Cremation” is 46%
“Land burial” is 24%
“I don't know” is 30%
Analysis:
As the chart shows, 46 percent of interviewees think cremation is used in Japan, 24 percentages think that it is land burial. 30 percentages don’t know about it. Through this chart, we can infer that our interviewees think mostly cremation is used for burial in Japan.
Burial in the Japanese law is illegal, so the only way is choose cremation.

16. Result of Questionnaire-5
5. What color should people wear to attend the Japanese funeral?
“White” is 20%
“Black” is 71%
“I don't know” is 9%
Analysis:
From the pie chart we can conclude that, 20 percent of interviewees think “white” is used to attend the Japanese funeral. 71 percentages consider “black”. However, beyond our expectation, 9 percent of interviewees don’t know about it.
According to this chart that most people have a basic understanding of the Japanese funeral culture. Black is the color that the representative in Japanese funeral.

17. Result of Questionnaire-6
6. Which way should be used in kimono for dead people?
“Right up left down” is 26%
“Left up right down” is 24%
“I don't know” is 50%
Analysis:
As we can see from the pie chart above, 26 percent of interviewees think “right up left down”; 24 percentages think left up right down; and 50 percent of interviewees “do not know”. Due to this, we found out the percentages of “Left up right down” is the correct answer which is not very high.
The kimono for dead people is the right up and left down. If we do not have the correct knowledge, it must make a food of ourselves to wear the wrong way.

18. Conclusion-1 The Results of Study
The interesting fact we have found is that cremation is used in Japanese funeral. Less than half students know that.
Most students didn’t know white is the representative color for Japanese wedding. Even up to 79% students thought the color is red. More than half students didn’t have a correct concept about “Which way should be used in kimono for dead people? ”Left up right down” is the correct answer.
According to the results of Questionnaire, most young people do not deeply know the Japanese culture.
the interesting facts we have found is that cremation is used in Japanese funeral. The correct fact is that the land burial way is not legal in Japan.
Meanwhile, For example, most students didn’t know the correct answer of representative color of Japanese wedding : White.
More than half students didn’t have a correct concept about “Which way should be used in kimono for dead people” ”Left up right down” is the correct answer.

19. Conclusion-2 The Suggestions of Study
As for the students: to attend cultural events, read novels, watch dramas and travel to understand foreign customs deeply.
As for the government: to promote cultural communication.
To offer more opportunities of the exchange students in order to cultivate Taiwanese students foreign cultural concepts.
As for the students, we could attend cultural events, read novels, watch dramas and travel to understand foreign customs deeply.
Secondly, as for the government, the authority could take advantage of social relationship with Japanese to promote cultural communication.

20. When in Rome, do as Romans do.
Be polite
Be well-educated
Why should we when is Rome, do as Romans do?
That’s because every culture must have its own unique feature so that it shows the value.
The more knowledge of the foreign culture we have learned, the more polite we would become.