1. Performance Evaluation of OSPF and IS-IS Routing Protocols using
Dual-Stack Mechanism

2. ABSTRACT Problem Statement:
The Aim Of This Dissertation Is To Investigate, Evaluate the Performance of Two Most Popular Link-state Routing Protocols(OSPF & IS-IS) When Configured In IPv4/IPv6 Dual-stack Enterprise Networks.

3. Continued ....
The aim of the work was to provide proof-based advice for selecting the protocol that offers optimal performance in business enterprise networks.
With Respect To Several Performance Metrics:
(1) Jitter
(2) Packet End To End Delay,
(3) Throughput
Simulation Tool Used: Opnet Modeler 16.0

4. Thesis Aims and Objective
1.) Firstly Discuss In More Detail The Dual Stack Over An IP Network And The Possible Subservices Offered With The Required Qos.
2.) Thesis Aims To Provide Tangible Performance analyzing
Results
- Regarding Network Metrics:
1.) Throughput
2.) End-to-end Delay
3.) Jitter
This Will Be Achieved By Simulating OSPF And IS-IS Function On a Dual-stack Enterprise Network By Using Network Simulation Software.

5. Continued .... 3.) Design Proposed Model For Dual-stack Enterprise
Network Using The OPNET 16.0 Network Simulator.
Comparing And Analyzing Its Performance Has Been
Tried Under Various Scenarios, Including Well Accepted
Models By Dual-stack Enterprise Network Applying
Different Mechanisms.

6. IPv4-IPv6 Dual Stack Support IPv4 only Support dual IPv4 and IPv6
- In Dual Stack, Both protocols IPv4 and IPv6 run parallel on an equivalent network infrastructure don’t need encapsulation of IPv6 inside IPv4 and vice versa

7. Dual – Stack…. Advantages Simple Easy to understand and Disadvantages
configure
Inexpensive
Scalable
Lower packet-loss rates
Higher throughput rates .
Direct communication
between nodes .
Recommended solution .
Disadvantages
Need for IPv4 addresses on
every node.
Extra address advertisement
to DNS.
More CPU-memory overhead.

8. Dual-Stack Router Structure and Function
A dual-stack router holds both IPv4 and IPv6 routing
tables which are used according to the IP version that the
router is about to forward.

9. Open Shortest Path First (RFC 1247)
Link state routing protocol that was developed by IETF in 1987
Interior routing protocol, its domain is also an autonomous
system
Special routers (autonomous system boundary routers) or
backbone routers responsible to dissipate information about
other AS into the current system.
Divides an AS into areas
Error Handing Capability
Fast & loop less convergence

10. OSPF (type of links)

11. IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System Routing Protocol)
It is also a link-state routing protocol with several similarities with OSPF protocol, such as the use of the same SPF algorithm.
It was defined by ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
IS-IS is based on the primer OSI (Open System Interconnection) reference model.
It provides rapid Convergence when a topology changes.
Minimizes the routes and reduces the size of routing table.
Low bandwidth utilization
Multiple routes are supported

12. Simple IS-IS Network

13. Simulation Scenario

14. Literature Review
A. Basu et al., studies the stability of the OSPF protocol under steady state and with interferences. In this study we will see what effects are given by the TE (Traffic Engineering) extensions on the stability of a network when OSPF is running. OSPF TE extensions provide mechanisms for ensuring that all network nodes have a consistent view of the traffic parameters associated with the network. The authors also analyze whether it is possible to accelerate the convergence time of the network, analyzing the Hello packets and the number of route flaps.
B. Albrightson et al. They explain that EIGRP is a protocol based on a hybrid routing algorithm, sharing some properties of distance vector and link state algorithms. This protocol is the first Internet protocol that addressed the loop problem. Other aspects which shows are the type of metrics, the transport mechanisms and the methods used to discover the networks, among other features.

15. Continued………
D. Pei et al. show the design and development of a method for detecting RIP routing updates. Specifically, RIP-TP protocol is presented. It uses hop count as routing metric. The authors emphasize its efficiency, simplicity, low operating cost and compatibility with the standard RIP. In order to assess the design efficiency, they show a series of experimental simulations to demonstrate that it is possible the improvement of fault detection in routing protocols. They particularize these evidences with RIP.

16. IPv4 Throughput (TCP Traffic)

17. OSPF IPv4 Clients End-to-End Delay (TCP Traffic)

18. IS-IS IPv4 Clients End-to-End Delay (TCP Traffic)

19. OSPF IPv4 Clients End-to-End Delay Variation (TCP Traffic)

20. IS-IS IPv4 Clients End-to-End Delay Variation (TCP Traffic)

21. conclusion IS-IS dominated over OSPF on both TCP
and UDP traffic experiments.
IS-IS achieved 58% higher throughput for
IPV6 clients. In terms of end to end delay,
jitter, OSPF and IS-IS seems almost
equally effective for IPV4 and IPV6, TCP &
UDP.
At last OSPF performs slightly better for
TCP traffic and IS-IS perform slightly
better for UDP traffic.

22. References
[1] Dooley, M. and Rooney, T. (2013) ‘IPv4/IPv6 Co-Existence Technologies’, IPv6 Deployment and Management, Wiley-IEEE Press, First
Edition
[2] Li XiaoHong (2013) ‘The Research of Network Transitional Technology fromIPv4 to IPv6’, Digital Manufacturing and Automation (ICDMA),
2013 Fourth International Conference, Qingdao, pp – 1509
[3] Carpenter. B and Moore. K (2001) ‘Connection of IPv6 Domains via IPv4 Clouds’, IETF RFC: 3056
[4] Cui Yong, Dong Jiang, Wu Peng, Wu Jianping, Metz Chris, Lee Yiu L. and Durand Alain (2013) ‘Tunnel-Based IPv6 Transition’, Internet
Computing, IEEE (Volume: 17, Issue: 2), pp. 62 – 68
[5] Chris Sanders (2011) ‘Practical Packet Analysis: Using Wireshark to Solve Real-World Network Problems’, No Starch Press, Second Edition
[6] Aazam, M., Syed, A.M., Shah, S.A.H., Khan, I. and Alam, M. (2011) ‘Evaluation of 6to4 and ISATAP on a test LAN’, Computers &
Informatics (ISCI), 2011 IEEE Symposium, Kuala Lumpur, pp. 46 – 50
[7] Arkko. J and Baker. F (2011) ‘Guidelines for Using IPv6 Transition Mechanisms during IPv6 Deployment’, IETF RFC: 6180

23. Continued .....
[8] Heping Hou, Qin Zhao and Yan Ma (2010) ‘Design and implementation of a solution to smooth IPv6 transition’, Advanced Intelligence and Awareness Internet International Conference, Beijing, China, pp. 157 – 161
[9] Huitema. C (2001) ‘An Anycast Prefix for 6to4 Relay Routers’, IETF RFC: 3086
[10] Joseph Davies (2013), ‘Understanding IPv6’, Microsoft Press, Third Edition
[11] Chakraborty, K., Dutta, N. and Biradar, S.R. (2009) ‘Simulation of IPv4-to-IPv6 Dual Stack Transition Mechanism (DSTM) between IPv4 hosts in integrated IPv6/IPv4 network’, Computers and Devices for Communication, CODEC th International Conference, Kolkata, pp. 1 – 4
[12] Rick Graziani (2013) ‘IPv6 Fundamentals: A Straightforward Approach to Understanding IPv6’, Cisco Press, First Edition
[13] Shirasaki. Y, Miyakawa. S, Yamasaki. T and Takenouchi. A (2005) ‘A Model of IPv6/IPv4 Dual Stack Internet Access Service’, IETF RFC: 4241

24. THANKS !
Any questions?
You can find us at