1. Agenda 10/1 Stamp Timeline Go over 2.4 Study Guide
We will go over the timeline on Monday
Next week:
Open notebook Test on BLOCKDAY
Notebook Checks – BLOCKDAY
More information to follow on Monday

2. Vocab words to write on the back of your study guide
Martial Law
Legal Tender Act
Conscription
Habeus corpus

3. Civil War
What do we know????

4. The Civil War Begins
In his inaugural speech, Lincoln told seceding states that he would not interfere with slavery where it existed, but he said, “the Union of these States is perpetual.” He also said that the Union would hold on to the federal property in the seceding states.
President Lincoln announced that he would re-supply Fort Sumter. Confederate President Jefferson Davis demanded the surrender of Fort Sumter(#1), but the fort’s commander, U.S. Army Major Robert Anderson, refused. Confederate forces bombarded Fort Sumter and, after 33 hours, Anderson surrendered. The Civil War had begun.

5. Union – Blue
Confederacy - Red
Border States - (light blue):
Missouri, Kentucky, W. Virginia, Maryland, Delaware

6. The Civil War Begins
Lincoln did not want the border states to secede, especially Maryland. Since Virginia had seceded, he did not want Washington, D.C., to be surrounded by Confederate territory. Martial law was imposed in Baltimore to prevent Maryland’s secession(#2). Under martial law, the military takes control of an area and suspends certain civil rights.

7. The Opposing Sides - South
General Winfield Scott asked Robert E. Lee to command Union troops. Lee was one of the best senior officers in the United States Army. Lee, however, was from Virginia, so when his state voted to secede, Lee chose to support the Confederacy even though he spoke against secession and felt that slavery was a moral issue and a political evil(#3).
Hundreds of other military officers chose to support the Confederacy.

8. The Opposing Sides - South
The South had a strong military tradition. Seven of the eight military colleges were in the South. So the South had a large number of trained army officers(#4).

9. The Opposing Sides - North
The North had a strong naval tradition.
The North’s large population, (more than twice as large as the South’s population), gave the North an advantage in raising an army and in supporting the war
The North had almost 90 percent of the country’s factories, and it could provide ammunition and other supplies more easily.
The South had only one railroad line connecting the western states of the Confederacy to the east. Northern troops easily disrupted the South’s rail system and prevented the distribution of supplies and troops.
(all #5)

10. The Opposing Sides - North
The North controlled the national treasury and was able to continue collecting money from tariffs (#5). Northern banks loaned the federal government money by buying government bonds. Congress passed the Legal Tender Act in February This created a national currency and allowed the government to issue green-colored paper money known as greenbacks.

11. Comparison of North And South

12. Financial Issues
The Confederacy’s financial situation was not good to start, and continued to worsen. Southern planters and banks could not buy bonds. The Union Navy blockaded Southern ports, so money raised by taxing trade was greatly reduced. To raise money, the South taxed its own people. Many Southerners refused to pay the taxes. The South was forced to print its own paper money, which caused rapid inflation in the South.

13. War in the North
As the Civil War began, there were many Republicans and Northern Democrats who challenged Lincoln’s policies. Lincoln’s goal was to preserve the Union, even if that meant allowing slavery to continue.
In 1862 Congress introduced a militia law that allowed states to use conscription—the drafting of people for military service—to fill their regiments. Many Democrats opposed the law, and riots erupted in many cities.
To enforce the militia law, Lincoln suspended writs of habeas corpus—a person’s right not to be imprisoned unless charged with a crime and given a trial.

14. International Issues
The United States did not want Europeans to recognize the Confederate States of America as an independent country.
The South wanted Europeans to recognize the Confederacy and provide it with military assistance. To pressure France and Britain, Southern planters stopped selling cotton to these countries.
Despite pressure, both Great Britain and France chose not to go to war against the United States.

15. A Modern War
The Civil War was the first modern war. The war involved huge armies made up of mostly civilian volunteers who required vast amounts of supplies and equipment
The new military technologies, including cone-shaped bullets, and tactics caused attacking forces to suffer high casualties. Attrition—the wearing down of one side by the other through exhaustion of soldiers and resources—meant that the armies had to keep replacing their soldiers.
(Both #6)

17. Antietam
The Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest one-day battle of the war. McClellan inflicted so many casualties on the Confederate army that Lee decided to retreat to Virginia.

18. Antietam
Antietam was an important victory for the Union. The South lost its best chance to gain international recognition and support from Britain. The defeat convinced Lincoln that it was time to end slavery in the South. (#7)

19. Emancipation
Democrats opposed the end of slavery. Republicans were divided on the issue. Many were abolitionists. Others, like Lincoln, did not want to lose the loyalty of the slaveholding border states. As Union casualties rose, however, Northerners began to agree that slavery should end. In September of 1862, Abraham Lincoln, encouraged by the Union victory at Antietam, announced that he would issue the Emancipation Proclamation. This decree would free all enslaved persons in states still in rebellion after January 1, This meant the states in the Confederacy NOT the states still in the border states in the Union. (#8)
The Emancipation Proclamation changed the Civil War from a conflict over preserving the Union to a war to free the slaves.

21. Economic Effects of the War
As a result of the collapse of the South’s transportation system and the presence of Union troops in many agricultural regions, the South suffered severe food shortages by the winter of The food shortages hurt Southern morale and led to riots. Rapid inflation drove up prices.
The North had an economic boom because of the war. The large, well-established banking industry made raising money for the war easier. The increased use of mechanical reapers and mowers made farming possible with fewer workers. Women entered the workforce to fill labor shortages.
(both are #9)

22. Vicksburg
Union forces wanted to capture Vicksburg, Mississippi, in order to gain control of the Mississippi River and cut the South in two (#10).
Grant and his Union forces put Vicksburg under siege—cut off its food and supplies and bombarded the city—until the Confederate troops surrendered (after running out of food and nearly starving) on July 4, The Union victory cut the Confederacy in two.

24. Gettysburg
In June 1863, Lee invaded the North. There Lee’s army met the Union cavalry. On July 1, 1863, the Confederates pushed the Union troops out of Gettysburg.
The Union forces had 23,000 casualties at Gettysburg. The Confederates had 28,000 casualties—more than one-third of Lee’s army. The Battle of Gettysburg was the turning point of the war in the east. Lee’s forces remained on the defensive, the Republicans were strengthened, and the battle ensured that the British would not recognize the Confederacy (#11).

27. President Lincoln at Gettysburg

28. Election of 1864
Lincoln considered his reelection a mandate, a clear sign from the voters, to end slavery by amending the Constitution.
President Lincoln and General McClellan meeting in battle during the Civil War.
McClellan ran against Lincoln in the election of 1864.

29. Thirteenth Amendment
The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, banning slavery in the United States, passed the House of Representatives on January 31, (#12)

30. The South Surrenders
General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865.
The terms of surrender guaranteed that the United States would not prosecute Confederate soldiers for treason(#13).

31. Unanswered Questions- The Road to Reconstruction
The unanswered questions at the end of the Civil War included:
How to bring the Southern States back into the Union?
What would be the status of African Americans in Southern Society?

32. 2.4 Summary (Put in Activities)
Advantages
Disadvantages
North
South
Describe the Importance of:
Antietam (211)
Vicksburg (212)
Gettysburg (213)
Sherman’s March to the Sea (214)
Capture of Atlanta (214)