1. IOT POLY ENGINEERING
I1-27
October 9, 2009
DRILL :
A man lived one-fourth of his life as a boy in Baltimore, one-fifth of his life as a young man in Youngstown, one-third of his life as a man in Manitoba, and the last thirteen years of his life in Thurmont. How old was the man when he died? Write down your answer.

2. DRILL: ALGEBRAIC SOLUTION
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DRILL: ALGEBRAIC SOLUTION
Define the unknowns: X = man’s total age X/4 = years as a boy X/5 = years as a youth X/3 = years as a man
13 = years in Thurmont
Write an equation:
X = X/4 + X/5 + X/3 + 13
Solve the equation:
60X = 15X + 12X + 20X + 780
60X = 47X + 780
13X = 780
X = 60 years

3. IOT POLY ENGINEERING
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HOMEWORK SOLUTION
373
100
A. BASED ON THIS DIAGRAM, DERIVE 2 EQUATIONS: TO CONVERT KELVIN TO CELSIUS TO CONVERT CELSIUS TO KELVIN.
100
373 – 273
100 K C
K - 273 C
C - 0
273 =
K - 273 C
100
100
K = C

4. Let X be the matching temperature on both scales.
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B. CAN THE FAHRENHEIT TEMPERATURE EVER MATCH THE CELSIUS TEMPERATURE? ( X F = X C ) USE ALGEBRA TO PROVE YOUR CONCLUSION.
In class, we derived the following expression and then ‘customized’ it so that we could solve for F or C depending on which one was known.
5(F – 32) = 9C
Let X be the matching temperature on both scales.
5(X – 32) = 9X
5X – 160 = 9X
– 160 = 4X
– 40 = X
Therefore, -40 F = -40 C.

5. LETTERING REVIEW FOR TEST #1 I1-27 Engineer’s communication tool
All capital letters
BETWEEN GUIDELINES
Legible and Consistent
LEGIBLE AND CONSISTENT
LEGIBLE AND CONSISTENT
LEGIBLE AND CONSISTENT
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6. Title Blocks I1-2 Take out a sheet of notebook paper.
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Title Blocks
Take out a sheet of notebook paper.
Title it between last and 2nd–to-last lines.
Never write in line above it (no X’s).
Teacher will give you your class #
BPI NOTESHEET AUG LAST, F. 1

7. REMINDER Title Blocks I1-27 BPI-IOT CLASSWORK 19 SEP 08 LAST, F. 1
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REMINDER Title Blocks
BPI-IOT CLASSWORK SEP LAST, F. 1

8. FOT Review – Engineering
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FOT REVIEW
FOT Review – Engineering
What is ENGINEERING?
Systematic application of mathematic, scientific, and technical principles to yield a tangible end product that meets our needs or desires.
What are the key words?
Systematic application
Mathematic, Scientific, Technical
Principles
Tangible end product
Needs or Desires
Let students know that most of the information covered in Unit 1 – General Conditions will be referred to throughout the school year. They should keep good notes and keep them in good shape. Some of these notes they may want to even put into plastic slip covers.

9. Engineering I1-27 What is a principle?
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FOT REVIEW
Engineering
What is a principle?
The laws of nature underlying the working of an artificial device.
A fundamental, primary, or general law from which others are derived.

10. Engineering creates Technology
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FOT REVIEW
Engineering
What is Technology?
The application of knowledge, tools, and skills to solve problems and extend human capabilities
Performs tasks by using an artifact that is not part of the human body
Engineering creates Technology
An object made by humans for a specific purpose

11. Technology as a System task relationship I1-27
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FOT REVIEW
Technology as a System
Technology – performing a by using an object that is not part of the human body.
System – each technology has parts and each part has a with all other parts and to the whole.
task
relationship

12. Technology as a System I1-27 Components: Goals Inputs Processes
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FOT REVIEW
Technology as a System
Components:
Goals
Humans develop technology to meet needs
Each artifact meets more than one goal
Inputs
Resources that go into a system and are used by it
Processes
Design Process, Production Process, Mgt. Process
Outputs
Technological systems are designed to produce specific outputs.
Manufactured products, constructed structures, communicated messages, transported people or goods.
Feedback and Control
Using information about the outputs to regulate the system.

13. System Components I1-27 Control FOT REVIEW GOALS GOALS FEEDBACK INPUTS
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FOT REVIEW
System Components
GOALS
Control
FEEDBACK
INPUTS
PROCESSES
OUTPUTS
GOALS

14. INPUTS 7 I1-27 Resources that go into technology: FOT REVIEW
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FOT REVIEW 7
INPUTS
Resources that go into technology:
People – planners, designers, builders, testers, administration, investors, etc.
Information – math, science, and technical principles, etc.
Time – to plan, design, make, market, ship, etc.
Capital – $ for employees, materials, marketing, etc.
Machines and tools – manufacturing facilities, etc.
Materials – natural, synthetic, composite
Energy – to design, construct, ship, etc.

15. 3 I1-27 PROCESSES FOT REVIEW Management Planning and scheduling
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FOT REVIEW 3
PROCESSES
Management
Planning and scheduling
Organizing (e.g., salaries)
Actuating (e.g., marketing)
Controlling
Design
Engineering Design Process
Problem Solving Process
Production
Communication
Construction
Energy and Power
Manufacturing
Transportation

16. FEEDBACK I1-27 Used to regulate and control a technological system
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FOT REVIEW
FEEDBACK
Used to regulate and control a technological system
Designs need to be continually checked and critiqued, refined and improved
Risk analysis is used to minimize the likelihood of undesired outputs
Feedback in the form of:
Performance testing
Testing and evaluation
Surveys
Sales results
Quality control (actual operation vs. intended operation)
CONTROL

17. Outcome: Tangible Object
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Make Model / Prototype
Model
Used to communicate design ideas and processes. May be a small, large, or full scale model.
Prototype
A working model used to test a design concept by making actual observations and necessary adjustments.
Outcome: Tangible Object

18. Request for Proposal (RFP)
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Request for Proposal (RFP)
Outcome is a Design Proposal

19. I1-27 Constraints on the Engineering Design Process 8
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Constraints on the Engineering Design Process
(A constraint is a limit or restriction)
Safety – is the product safe to use/construct?
Reliability – will it work consistently over time?
Cost – is it affordable?
Quality Control – does it meet customer requirements?
Environmental Concerns – does it harm the natural or human environment negatively?
Manufacturability – can it be made?
Maintenance – how easily can it be maintained or upheld?
Ergonomics – how efficiently can the human body utilize it?
Use the image of NASA’s new lunar service vehicle as an example for the constraints.

20. Assessing Technology I1-27
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Assessing Technology
If Technology is…
The ability of humans to combine ingenuity and resources to meet needs and wants of people
Then Technology Assessment is…
The conscience that polices the possible impacts of applying technology
The analysis of technology should be based on facts and research rather than media hype or personal opinion.

21. Assessing Technology I1-27
IOT POLY ENGINEERING
Assessing Technology
Assessing the impacts of technology requires
An open mind.
The ability to remove attachment (loyalty) to the topic of investigation.
Some factors inhibiting technological assessment:
Emotional
Cultural
Intellectual
Environmental
Perceptual
Accepted in group
Subtle influences
Blocking real facts
Peer pressure, time constraint
Perception differences
Students should take note of these five inhibiting factors. We will be returning to them soon.
Emotional – Being accepted as part of a group is an important factor in our society. The feeling of belonging to a group that thinks alike is often stronger than any desire to voice a different opinion. This factor is much stronger in some cultures.
Cultural – Each person is a product of his or her culture. Subtle influences and positive or negative reinforcements to statements or actions combine to for a kind of mental database of factors that are either acceptable or taboo.
Intellectual – While not often a problem with students, teachers may try to over-think a technology product or system. Over-analyzing a topic can sometimes block the real facts.
Environmental – The simple factors that affect our daily lives can influence how we feel during an assessment exercise. Students can be easily pressured by their peers into thinking a certain way. Time constraints may force a decision that would not otherwise surface.
Perceptual – Each person perceives factors in a slightly (or sometimes vastly) different way. This fact is often demonstrated, for example, when eyewitness accounts of the same incident differ greatly among different people. Factors such as hearing impairment or colorblindness can change perceptions widely.
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22. Design Process I1-27 Define the Problem
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Design Process
Define the Problem
Brainstorm, Research, Generate Ideas
Explore Possibilities
Develop a Design Proposal
Make Model/Prototype
Test and Evaluate
Refine the Design
Communicate the Solution

23. 5 Impacts of Technology I1-27
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5 Impacts of Technology
5 Main Areas Impacted by Technology:
Social: How does it affect interdependent human relationships?
Cultural: How does it affect the characteristic features of everyday existence?
Economic: How does it affect the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services?
Political: How does it affect the government?
Environmental: How does it affect both the human and natural environments? (aesthetics included here)

24. PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGIES
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PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGIES
- DRAW A DIAGRAM
- SOLVE ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS
- MAKE A MODEL
- CREATE A FLOWCHART
- RUN A SIMULATION
TRIAL AND ERROR
MAKE A GRAPH

25. Copyright © 1998-2006 Newton Metrology Ltd.
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"METROLOGY is the science and art of measurement. Measurement is extracting information from nature or from devices people have engineered. It is also about the uncertainty in the extracted data, communicating it to other people in a standard way, and making them confident in our measurements by establishing traceable measurement systems.“
Copyright © Newton Metrology Ltd.
You will now receive a 4-sided concise summary of the International System of Units (SI).
Read and study this summary now, as it may help you to find some answers to the homework.

26. IOT POLY ENGINEERING
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STANDARD - An acknowledged measure of comparison for quantitative or qualitative value
ACCURACY -the degree of closeness of a measured or calculated quantity to its actual (true) value
PRECISION - the degree of mutual agreement among a series of individual measurements or values
CALIBRATION - the process of establishing the relationship between a measuring device and the units of measure
TRACEABILITY - an unbroken chain of comparisons relating an instrument's measurements to a known standard

27. IOT POLY ENGINEERING
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BASE UNIT – A unit in a system of measurement that is defined, independent of other units, by means of a physical standard. Also known as fundamental unit.
DERIVED UNIT - A unit that is defined by simple combination of base units.
ERROR - The difference between a computed or measured value and a true or theoretically correct value.
PERCENTAGE OF ERROR - the percentage ratio of the error to the correct value of the measured parameter.
UNCERTAINTY - The estimated amount or percentage by which an observed or calculated value may differ from the true value.

28. SUMMARY OF THE 7 FUNDAMENTAL SI UNITS: LENGTH - meter MASS - kilogram
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SUMMARY OF THE 7 FUNDAMENTAL SI UNITS:
LENGTH meter
MASS kilogram
TIME second
ELECTRIC CURRENT ampere
THERMODYNAMIC TEMPERATURE - Kelvin
AMOUNT OF MATTER mole
LUMINOUS INTENSITY candela

29. Exponential Growth – LINEAR GRAPH
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Exponential Growth – LINEAR GRAPH

30. Exponential Growth Curve
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Exponential Growth Curve

31. Exponential Relationship
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Exponential Relationship

32. Study for Monday’s test on Unit 1.
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Study for Monday’s test on Unit 1.