1. Do Now!!!
Describe the process by which water turns from a solid to a liquid and the role temperature plays in this process. How do you believe energy ties into this concept?
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2. Matter and Change
Chapter 2
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3. 2.1
Properties of Matter
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4. States of Matter Three states of matter:
Solids
Liquids
Gases
What allows a particle to be solidified, liquefied, or gaseous?
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5. Phase Changes
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6. Changes in Phase
A phase change occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another
Is changing state of matter a physical change? Why or why not?
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7. Changes in Phase
The addition or removal of energy causes phases to change
Which phase has the most amount of energy?
Which phase has the least amount of energy?
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8. The Kinetic Theory of Matter
All matter is made up of particle that are constantly in motion
Adding energy (in the form of heat) to a particle causes it to move faster
Gas particles have most energy and move the fastest
Solids have the least energy and move the slowest
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9. Changes in Phase Endothermic Exothermic
The absorption of heat from the surroundings
En = In
Exothermic
The releasing of heat into the surrounding
Exo = Exit
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11. Do Now!!!
Review: When we cool a substance from a gas all the way to a solid, is that an exothermic or endothermic reaction? Explain!
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12. Physical vs Chemical Properties and Changes
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13. Physical Properties
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14. Physical Properties
A property that can be measured or observed without changing a substances chemical composition
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15. Physical Properties Intensive Properties Extensive Properties
Depends on the type of substance
Color/Texture/Appearance
Density
Melting/Freezing Point
Odor
Conductivity
Hardness
Depends on the amount of matter in a sample
Mass
Volume
Length
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16. Physical Changes
Properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change
For example: cutting hair, boiling water, or peeling potatoes
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17. Physical Changes Can be either reversible or irreversible
Melted ice can re-freeze - reversible
A cracked egg cannot become whole again - irreversible
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18. Chemical Reactions
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19. Chemical Property
The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change
Iron rusts in the presence of oxygen
Wood burns to ash in the presence of fire
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20. Chemical Changes
During a chemical change the composition of matter always changes!
Also known as a chemical reaction
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21. How do you know a chemical reaction has occurred?
Color change
Odor
Production of gas or bubbling
Production or loss of heat
Formation of a solid precipitate
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22. Phase Diagrams
We can use numerical data and ideal situations to graph the heating or cooling of a substance
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23. Phase Diagram Temperature (°C) Time Endothermic (gaining heat energy)
Gas
Boiling
Kinetic Energy Not Changing
Condensing
Liquid
Temperature (°C)
Kinetic Energy Changing
Melting
Exothermic (losing heat energy)
Freezing
Solid
Time
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24. Phase Diagrams-Labels
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Freezing Point
Melting Point
Condensation
Boiling
Melting/Fusion
Freezing/Solidification
Kinetic Energy not changing
Kinetic Energy changing
Direction of endothermic
Direction of exothermic
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25. Lab #2 Alternate Assignment
Complete the following problems in your lab notebook
Page 55 in textbook
#’s 39, 40, 45, 60, 67, 73, 77
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26. Classification of Matter
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27. Pure Substances Substances that cannot be physically separated
Elements
Ex: Carbon, Oxygen, Zinc, Gold
Compounds
Ex: H2O, NaCl, Sugar, CO2
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28. Mixtures Physical blend of two or more components
Homogeneous- uniform throughout
Heterogeneous- not uniform throughout
Remember: mixtures are not chemically combined!
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29. Homogeneous Mixtures Also known as a solution
Cannot physically see the parts of the mixture
Ex: salt water, air, steel
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30. Heterogeneous Mixtures
Two types
Colloidal mixtures have extremely small particles evenly dispersed throughout
Suspensions have larger particles usually collected at the bottom of the container
You can see the components that make up the mixture
Ex: sugar at the bottom of iced tea, salad dressing
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31. What mixture is marker ink made of?
Take a strip of filter paper and draw a line with your marker about 1 inch from the bottom
Tape the filter paper to the pencil so that the pencil rests on the top of the beaker and the filter paper is barely touching the bottom of the beaker
Add about a centimeter of isopropyl alcohol to the beaker and place the filter paper inside
Cover with plastic wrap and wait to see what happens!
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32. Do Now!!! What are some ways we can separate components of mixtures?
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33. Separation of Mixtures
Filtration
Separate a liquid from a solid
Distillation
Separate components using differences in boiling points
Centrifuging
Separate a liquid from a liquid
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34. Chemical Reactions
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35. What is a chemical property?
How does it differ from a physical property?
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36. Chemical Property
The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change
Iron rusts in the presence of oxygen
Wood burns to ash in the presence of fire
Lead is toxic when digested in our bodies
Some things change color when heated or cooled
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37. Chemical Changes
During a chemical change the composition of matter always changes!
Also known as a chemical reaction
Chemical bonds are broken and elements are rearranged to form new substances
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38. How do you know a chemical reaction has occurred?
Color change
Odor
Production of gas or bubbling
Production or loss of heat
Formation of a solid precipitate
Change in state of matter
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39. The Law of Conservation of Mass
Matter cannot be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction
Whatever amount and type of elements you start with you must also end with!
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