1. Native American Indian Removal

2. The Five Civilized Nations
Removed from the Southeastern United States: Georgia, Florida, Alabama, South Carolina & North Carolina.

3. The Five “Civilized” Nations
The Cherokee
The Choctaw

4. The Five “Civilized” Nations
The Chickasaw
The Creek

5. The Five “Civilized” Nations
The Seminole

6. Adopted white culture Established schools
Owned land
Practiced Christianity
Formed constitutional republics Sequoyah invented the Cherokee alphabet & writing system

7. Whites Covet Indian Lands

8. :
Georgia, Mississippi, and Alabama dissolve their land treaties with the Southeastern Native American Tribes

9. Jackson’s proposal to the
Indian Removal Act, 1832
Jackson’s proposal to the
5 Civilized Tribes

10. Indian Removal Act,
Trade Indian lands in the Southeastern United States for land in the West.

11. Native Americans appeal to John Marshall & the Supreme Court.
Worcester vs. Georgia
Native Americans appeal to
John Marshall & the Supreme Court.

12. Worcester v Georgia
Justice Marshall sides with the Indians—declares that it is unconstitutional for states to dissolve federal treaties. Significance: The Marshall Court establishes that federal law is SUPERIOR to state law.

13. Trail of Tears
The FORCED march of 16, 000 Cherokee from homes in the SE United States to present-day Oklahoma.
Significance:
Jackson ignored Marshall’s ruling & FORCED the march, which was carried out by the U.S. Army.
4,000 Cherokee men, women & children died along the way from:
Starvation
Disease
Weariness
Exposure