1. Gross Production of Electricity and Carbon Dioxide Emission
Camilo Soto
Eric Duda
Anthony A. Zea

2. What This Presentation Will Cover
What we wanted to get out of this project.
What we initially thought the data would tell us.
Background information needed to make sense of the data.
Who and where are the top 10 countries producing electricity?
How much electricity do they produce and how much is from renewable resources?
Analysis of the data.
Quick view at some countries leading the way of using renewable resources to produce electricity.
Summary of how we approached this project.

3. What We Would Like To Know
What are the top 10 countries that produce the most electricity?
What type of fuel do they use to produce their electricity?
How much carbon dioxide do these countries produce?
Do these countries possess a high percentage of land covered by forest to counteract their CO2 emissions?
Is there any relation between CO2 emission, population density and life expectancy?

4. What the Data Might Suggest
North America produces more renewable electricity than any other continent.
Countries that have a higher production of renewable electricity will have a lower CO2 emission.
China and the United States produce the most CO2 out of the countries that produce the most electricity.

5. Background Information
In order to make a relation between the data, here is some back ground information on:
Effects of CO2 emission produced by human activity and its effects on the atmosphere.
Amount of CO2 produced per kW-h of electricity produced from different sources.
Importance of slowing down global warming.
World wide sources of carbon dioxide emissions.
Fossil fuels as a source of electricity and how they stack up against renewables.
Area, availability and cost requirements for renewable fuels.

6. Why is it important to identify the countries that produce the most amount of electricity?
The process of producing electricity emits carbon dioxide and other by-products.
The addition of carbon dioxide by humans to the “carbon cycle” (the natural circulation of carbon among the atmosphere, oceans, soil, plants, and animals) is affecting its ability to remove CO2 form the Earth’s atmosphere by forests.
Excess CO2 levels combined with other green house gasses in the atmosphere are contributing to global warming.

7. The Importance of Slowing Down Global Warming
Global warming contributes to…
The melting of Polar ice caps.
Sea levels will rise by 230 feet (National Snow and Ice Data Center).
Global ecosystem will be thrown off balance after the fresh water in the polar caps desalinate the sea waters changing the golf current pattern. The current golf current pattern regulates temperature around the world.
The ice caps are needed to reflect sun light back into space keeping the earth cooler.
**White reflects sun light while darker colors absorb it.

8. The Importance of Slowing Down Global Warming cont.
Global warming contributes to…
Climate change
Some areas of the world will become dryer while others will become wetter.
Areas of the world may become inhabitable due to long droughts.
Warmer water will yield more hurricanes.
Dryer landscape will result in more wild fires.
Economy
Higher population density
The end of costal economies

9. Sources of CO2 Emission Electricity Transportation Industry
Makes up 37% percent of total emission
Mostly from combustion of fossil fuels in power plants
Transportation
Makes up 31%
From combustion of gasoline and diesel (fossil fuels)
Industry
Makes up 15%
Combustion form fossil fuels and chemical reactions
Residential and Commercial
Makes up 10%
Other (non fossil fuel combustion)
Makes up 6%

10. What is the big deal using Fossil Fuels as a source of electricity?
Fossil Fuels make up 67% of the total electricity generated by fuel. (EPA)
Producing 1 kW-h of electricity from fossil fuels on average produces 2.2kg of CO2.
Fossil fuels are non-renewable.

11. In Comparison: Renewable Fuels
Kilograms carbon dioxide per kW-h by generation method:
Geothermal: 0.045
Hydro electric: 0.004
Solar/PV: 0.105
Wind: 0.013

12. So why do most countries still use fossil fuels over renewable fuels for their electricity needs?

13. Area Requirements
Hydro electricity power plants use an average of 95 L of water to produce 1 kW-h of electricity. Therefore, dams that consume significant surface areas and water are needed.
The most efficient solar panel will produce 345 watt-hours of energy for every 17.5 ft2. This means that if California wanted to rely only on the sun for their electricity needs, the whole state would be covered by solar panels.
Area requirement for wind are very similar to solar to produce 1 kW-h.

14. Availability Fossil Fuels Abundant and easy to access.
Hydro electricity
Massive source of water needed to power a country.
No source of water = No hydro power to harness
Solar
Parts of the world do not get consistent solar exposure (e.g. Alaska).
Wind
Speed of wind needed to turn a wind turbine is not constant either.

15. Cost
Cost from producing electricity from fossil fuels is significantly lower than any renewable fuel.

16. Now that we have some background information we can dig into the data…

17. Top 10 Countries Gross Production of Electricity (million kW-h)

18. Top 10 Countries Producing Electricity and Renewable Production
NAME
Gross Production
(million kW-h)
Geothermal Production
Hydro Production
Solar Production
Wind Production
Other
(%)
Brazil
531759
428333
2705
18.94
Canada
636989
375797
260
10187
39.36
China
698945
23691
70331
83.17
France
561960
49893
2050
12235
88.58
Germany
608665 19
23514
19340
48883
84.93
India
973006
103741
89.34
Japan
2676
91709
5160
4559
90.10
Korea, Republic of
523286
7831
917
863
98.16
Russia
522
167608 5
84.06
United States
17892
344679
6153
120854
88.74

19. Analyzing the Data (Indicators)
Most of Brazil’s and Canada’s gross production of electricity comes from Hydro and Wind.
Most countries in the top 10 produce less than 20% of their electricity from Geothermal/Hydro/Solar/Wind (Renewables)
Producing electricity from geothermal sources are not very popular in the top 10 except for the United States.
Hydro electricity production is the most popular renewable fuel being used by the Top 10 countries.
Germany and China produce a lot more solar electricity than the other top 10 countries.
United States produces a lot more wind electricity than the other top 10 countries.

20. What Links Can Be Made Between Renewable Fuels and Social and Environmental Indicators?

21. Top 10 Countries Producing Electricity: Population & Environment Indicators
NAME
G/H/S/W Production (%)
Other
(%)
Population Density (population/mi2)
Life Expectancy (years)
Land Area Covered by Forest (%)
Carbon Dioxide Emissions (metric tons CO2/capita)
Brazil
81.06
18.94 23
73.802
62.40
419754
Canada
60.64
39.36 3
81.411
34.10
499137
China
16.83
83.17
142
75.245
21.95
828689
France
11.42
88.58
115
81.713
29.00
361273
Germany
15.07
84.93
233
80.650
31.76
745384
India
10.66
89.34
367
66.275
23.02
200882
Japan
9.90
90.10
337
83.499
68.53
117071
Korea, Republic of
1.84
98.16
489
81.367
63.02
567567
Russia
15.94
84.06
411
67.863
47.32
467561
United States
11.26
88.74 33
78.857
33.18
543305

22. Analyzing the Data
The average population density for the top 10 countries is 215 people per square mile compared to the world’s 116 people per square mile (high demand for electricity per square mile).
Average life expectancy from the top 10 countries producing electricity is years compared to the world’s 71.0 years.
Brazil, China, India, and Russia are all below the life expectancy average and on the higher end of the CO2 emission spectrum.
The average total land covered by forest (%) of the top 10 countries is 41.4
More trees lowers CO2 emissions.
Brazil, Japan and the Republic of Korea contribute the most trees to the carbon cycle
The country that contributes the most CO2 towards global warming is China.

23. Executing the Project

24. FLOW CHART

25. Execution of The Project
We used most of the software knowledge gained through out the semester and some to facilitate the analysis of the data.
There was abundant amounts of the data so the scope of the project kept on changing as we analyzed the data.
The number of countries being analyzed changed from all to the top 10 only.
Besides what we just presented, we wanted to analyze the top 10 countries leading the way using renewable resources and their environmental and social indicators but due to time constraints we could not.

26. What we can do is show a list of those countries and their location on the globe. Here are some of the countries leading the way, producing electricity from renewable fuels.

27. Top 10 Countries Producing Geothermal Electricity (million kW-h)
Unites States is leading the way

28. Top 10 Countries Producing Hydro-Electricity (million kW-h)
A lot of hydro electricity is being produced by China, Brazil, Canada and the United States.

29. Top 10 Countries Producing Solar Electricity (million kW-h)
A lot of solar electricity is being produced in western Europe.

30. Top 10 Countries Producing Wind Electricity (million kW-h)
Again, the US leading the way.

31. So, what should you take away from this presentation…
There is room for improvement!
Most of the top 10 countries producing electricity appear in the top 10 countries emitting the most carbon dioxide yet on average those same countries only use 10-15% renewable and cleaner fuels.

32. Questions?

33. Sources
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