Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment

Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment
Practical Local Government Strategies Steve Gawler ICLEI Oceania 14 May 2010 ASK: Does anyone know what ICLEI stands for? Non-profit membership-based local government association Over 1100 cities, towns, counties, and their associations worldwide comprise ICLEI's growing membership. That have made a commitment to sustainable development. 15 Offices worldwide, headquartered in Toronto, Canada We are hosted by the City of Melbourne Local Action ICLEI Oceania provides technical consulting, training, and information services to build capacity, share knowledge, and support local government in the implementation of sustainable development at the local level. Organisational Approach mission is to build a movement of councils to achieve tangible improvements in sustainability conditions through the cumulative impact of local action. ICLEI Oceania’s particular focus is on practical action within a long-term framework, multi-level political support for councils, focus on capacity building and commitment to partnerships. This approach has enabled our organisation to leverage immediate benefits via the implementation of council actions as well as instigate long-term culture change within the local government sector.

We can’t keep on building higher and higher levees
ASK: Does anyone know what ICLEI stands for? Non-profit membership-based local government association Over 1100 cities, towns, counties, and their associations worldwide comprise ICLEI's growing membership. That have made a commitment to sustainable development. 15 Offices worldwide, headquartered in Toronto, Canada We are hosted by the City of Melbourne Local Action ICLEI Oceania provides technical consulting, training, and information services to build capacity, share knowledge, and support local government in the implementation of sustainable development at the local level. Organisational Approach mission is to build a movement of councils to achieve tangible improvements in sustainability conditions through the cumulative impact of local action. ICLEI Oceania’s particular focus is on practical action within a long-term framework, multi-level political support for councils, focus on capacity building and commitment to partnerships. This approach has enabled our organisation to leverage immediate benefits via the implementation of council actions as well as instigate long-term culture change within the local government sector.

What is ICLEI Oceania? Local government association and agency
Not-for-profit Membership-based International Oceania Secretariat Dedicated to Local Action for Sustainability ASK: Does anyone know what ICLEI stands for? Non-profit membership-based local government association Over 1100 cities, towns, counties, and their associations worldwide comprise ICLEI's growing membership. That have made a commitment to sustainable development. 15 Offices worldwide, headquartered in Toronto, Canada We are hosted by the City of Melbourne Local Action ICLEI Oceania provides technical consulting, training, and information services to build capacity, share knowledge, and support local government in the implementation of sustainable development at the local level. Organisational Approach mission is to build a movement of councils to achieve tangible improvements in sustainability conditions through the cumulative impact of local action. ICLEI Oceania’s particular focus is on practical action within a long-term framework, multi-level political support for councils, focus on capacity building and commitment to partnerships. This approach has enabled our organisation to leverage immediate benefits via the implementation of council actions as well as instigate long-term culture change within the local government sector.

ICLEI Oceania’s Work on Climate Change
Mitigation: Cities for Climate Protection Campaign (since 1997), new CCP Integrated Action program 2010 Adaptation: CCP Adaptation Initiative ( ) Local Government Climate Change Adaptation Toolkit (2008/09) Adaptive and Resilient Communities (ongoing) Indonesian Cities Climate Alliance (ongoing) Resilient Cities 2010 Conference Merging mitigation and adaptation work into integrated climate change response for councils East Gippsland Shire Council’s involvement in ICLEI: CCP Partners Sustainability Integration Self-Assessment Tool Pilot Participant ARC

Sustainable infrastructure?
Sustainability is the capacity of cities and towns to meet the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to do the same. Sustainable development must simultaneously protect and enhance the Earth’s life support systems. A continuing process, this requires the sharing and management of economic, environmental and social resources equitably within the community. ICLEI Oceania 2010 ASK: Does anyone know what ICLEI stands for? Non-profit membership-based local government association Over 1100 cities, towns, counties, and their associations worldwide comprise ICLEI's growing membership. That have made a commitment to sustainable development. 15 Offices worldwide, headquartered in Toronto, Canada We are hosted by the City of Melbourne Local Action ICLEI Oceania provides technical consulting, training, and information services to build capacity, share knowledge, and support local government in the implementation of sustainable development at the local level. Organisational Approach mission is to build a movement of councils to achieve tangible improvements in sustainability conditions through the cumulative impact of local action. ICLEI Oceania’s particular focus is on practical action within a long-term framework, multi-level political support for councils, focus on capacity building and commitment to partnerships. This approach has enabled our organisation to leverage immediate benefits via the implementation of council actions as well as instigate long-term culture change within the local government sector.

Adaptation and Resilience
Elements of Resilience Redundancy – substitutable services when one system is disrupted Flexibility – to absorb sudden shocks and slow onset challenges, avoiding catastrophic failure ASK: Does anyone know what ICLEI stands for? Non-profit membership-based local government association Over 1100 cities, towns, counties, and their associations worldwide comprise ICLEI's growing membership. That have made a commitment to sustainable development. 15 Offices worldwide, headquartered in Toronto, Canada We are hosted by the City of Melbourne Local Action ICLEI Oceania provides technical consulting, training, and information services to build capacity, share knowledge, and support local government in the implementation of sustainable development at the local level. Organisational Approach mission is to build a movement of councils to achieve tangible improvements in sustainability conditions through the cumulative impact of local action. ICLEI Oceania’s particular focus is on practical action within a long-term framework, multi-level political support for councils, focus on capacity building and commitment to partnerships. This approach has enabled our organisation to leverage immediate benefits via the implementation of council actions as well as instigate long-term culture change within the local government sector.

Adaptation and Resilience
Capacity to reorganize – to change and evolve rather than returning to previous methods Capacity to learn – to internalize and respond to previous experiences, avoid repeating mistakes ASK: Does anyone know what ICLEI stands for? Non-profit membership-based local government association Over 1100 cities, towns, counties, and their associations worldwide comprise ICLEI's growing membership. That have made a commitment to sustainable development. 15 Offices worldwide, headquartered in Toronto, Canada We are hosted by the City of Melbourne Local Action ICLEI Oceania provides technical consulting, training, and information services to build capacity, share knowledge, and support local government in the implementation of sustainable development at the local level. Organisational Approach mission is to build a movement of councils to achieve tangible improvements in sustainability conditions through the cumulative impact of local action. ICLEI Oceania’s particular focus is on practical action within a long-term framework, multi-level political support for councils, focus on capacity building and commitment to partnerships. This approach has enabled our organisation to leverage immediate benefits via the implementation of council actions as well as instigate long-term culture change within the local government sector.

Gold Coast City Adaptation Principles
Infrastructure Proactively plan and deliver infrastructure that supports the development of resilience in communities and is capable of adapting to a changing climate during its lifecycle or at the time of asset renewal ASK: Does anyone know what ICLEI stands for? Non-profit membership-based local government association Over 1100 cities, towns, counties, and their associations worldwide comprise ICLEI's growing membership. That have made a commitment to sustainable development. 15 Offices worldwide, headquartered in Toronto, Canada We are hosted by the City of Melbourne Local Action ICLEI Oceania provides technical consulting, training, and information services to build capacity, share knowledge, and support local government in the implementation of sustainable development at the local level. Organisational Approach mission is to build a movement of councils to achieve tangible improvements in sustainability conditions through the cumulative impact of local action. ICLEI Oceania’s particular focus is on practical action within a long-term framework, multi-level political support for councils, focus on capacity building and commitment to partnerships. This approach has enabled our organisation to leverage immediate benefits via the implementation of council actions as well as instigate long-term culture change within the local government sector.

ASK: Does anyone know what ICLEI stands for?
Non-profit membership-based local government association Over 1100 cities, towns, counties, and their associations worldwide comprise ICLEI's growing membership. That have made a commitment to sustainable development. 15 Offices worldwide, headquartered in Toronto, Canada We are hosted by the City of Melbourne Local Action ICLEI Oceania provides technical consulting, training, and information services to build capacity, share knowledge, and support local government in the implementation of sustainable development at the local level. Organisational Approach mission is to build a movement of councils to achieve tangible improvements in sustainability conditions through the cumulative impact of local action. ICLEI Oceania’s particular focus is on practical action within a long-term framework, multi-level political support for councils, focus on capacity building and commitment to partnerships. This approach has enabled our organisation to leverage immediate benefits via the implementation of council actions as well as instigate long-term culture change within the local government sector.

So, we can’t keep on building higher and higher doorways!
Fail-safe or Safe-fail? ASK: Does anyone know what ICLEI stands for? Non-profit membership-based local government association Over 1100 cities, towns, counties, and their associations worldwide comprise ICLEI's growing membership. That have made a commitment to sustainable development. 15 Offices worldwide, headquartered in Toronto, Canada We are hosted by the City of Melbourne Local Action ICLEI Oceania provides technical consulting, training, and information services to build capacity, share knowledge, and support local government in the implementation of sustainable development at the local level. Organisational Approach mission is to build a movement of councils to achieve tangible improvements in sustainability conditions through the cumulative impact of local action. ICLEI Oceania’s particular focus is on practical action within a long-term framework, multi-level political support for councils, focus on capacity building and commitment to partnerships. This approach has enabled our organisation to leverage immediate benefits via the implementation of council actions as well as instigate long-term culture change within the local government sector.

What is the ICLEI Climate Change adaptation planning process?
ASK: Does anyone know what ICLEI stands for? Non-profit membership-based local government association Over 1100 cities, towns, counties, and their associations worldwide comprise ICLEI's growing membership. That have made a commitment to sustainable development. 15 Offices worldwide, headquartered in Toronto, Canada We are hosted by the City of Melbourne Local Action ICLEI Oceania provides technical consulting, training, and information services to build capacity, share knowledge, and support local government in the implementation of sustainable development at the local level. Organisational Approach mission is to build a movement of councils to achieve tangible improvements in sustainability conditions through the cumulative impact of local action. ICLEI Oceania’s particular focus is on practical action within a long-term framework, multi-level political support for councils, focus on capacity building and commitment to partnerships. This approach has enabled our organisation to leverage immediate benefits via the implementation of council actions as well as instigate long-term culture change within the local government sector.

Adaptive and Resilient Communities (ARC)
ARC Program Framework Phase 1: Establish the Context Phase 5: Review and Restrategise Assess Increase in Adaptive Capacity and Resilience Analysing Climate Change Risks &Opportunities ICLEI Capacity Building Program: Adaptive and Resilient Communities (ARC) Assessing Council’s Adaptive Capacity Systematically Reconsider Options Develop Options & Assumptions Phase 2: Prioritise Areas for Action & Set Goals Phase 4: Monitor and Report Implement Adaptation Action Plan Phase 3: Develop Adaptation Action Plan Translating Priorities into Actions

ARC Phase 1: Establish the Context
H p.2 ARC Phase 1: Establish the Context 1.1 Establish an adaptation working group 1.2 Teleconference: Objectives of ARC Program 1.3 Climate change adaptation communications brief 1.4 Council questionnaire on climate change adaptation 1.5 Council document mapping 1.6 ARC Workshop 1: Establish the Context 1.7 Internal stakeholder analysis 1.8 Local climate change impacts research inventory 1.9 External stakeholder analysis 1.10 CCA context review

ARC Facilitation Approach
Council Working Group External Stakeholders ICLEI Oceania Technical facilitator ARC Wiki Council Primary Contact Councilors Council Secondary Contact Show ARC wiki: ARC Program councils 2009/10 (as of 11 August 2009): Banana Shire Council, Qld Brisbane City Council, Qld City of Canada Bay Council, NSW East Gippsland Shire Council, Vic Gold Coast City Council, Qld Gosford City Council, NSW City of Greater Geelong, Vic Holroyd City Council, NSW Kogarah City Council, NSW Council Administration

Climate Change Scenarios
ASK: How far do council decisions reach into the future?

Climate Scenarios Coherent, plausible description of a future state of the climate Means of understanding the potential impacts of climate change Not a prediction of the future climate, but based on certain assumptions

Scenarios - Why Bother? Select one or two scenarios to:
Provide a consistent basis for assessing climate risks Narrow down adaptation options for planning and decision-making (‘What are we adapting to?’)

Climate Change Scenario B1
H p.4 Climate Change Scenario B1 Lower emissions growth scenario Assumption: Rapid shift to less fossil-fuel intensive industries. Expected change: Weak growth in CO2 emissions until 2040, then decline. Global temperature increase relative to 1990 of 1.8°C (1.1 to 2.9°C) is likely The B1 storyline describes a convergent world with the same population as in A1, but with an emphasis on global solutions to economic, social and environmental sustainability, including the introduction of clean, efficient technologies. CO2 concentrations approximately double, relative to pre-industrial levels, by 2100.

Emissions Growth Scenarios
Source: Victorian Government DSE, 2008.

Climate Change Scenario A1B
H p.4 Climate Change Scenario A1B Medium emissions growth scenario Assumption: Balanced use of different energy sources – not just fossil fuels. Expected change: CO2 emissions increase until 2030 and begin to decline around 2050 By 2100 a global temperature increase of 2.8°C (1.7 to 4.4°C) is likely. CO2 emissions increase moderately until 2030, but decline by the middle of the 21st century. This scenario is part of a subgroup of the A1 scenario group. A1 describes a world of very rapid economic growth in which the population peaks around 2050 and declines thereafter and there is rapid introduction of new and more efficient technologies. ‘B’ stands for ‘Balanced’ sources of energy: non-fossil fuels and fossil fuels.

Climate Change Scenario A1FI
H p.4 Climate Change Scenario A1FI Higher emissions growth scenario Assumption: Strong economic growth based on continued dependence on fossil fuels Expected change: CO2 concentrations more than triple, relative to pre-industrial levels, by 2100. A global temperature increase of 4.0°C (2.4 to 6.4°C) is likely. This scenario represents the highest level of late 21st century emissions that were thought to be plausible back in 2000. However, recent evidence indicates that CO2 emissions have been growing at a more rapid rate. This scenario is part of a subgroup of the A1 scenario group. A1 describes a world of very rapid economic growth in which the population peaks around 2050 and declines thereafter and there is rapid introduction of new and more efficient technologies. ‘FI’ stands for ‘Fossil Intensive’

Observed Emissions Source: Will Steffen/Department of Climate Change (2009): Climate Change Faster Change and More Serious Risks

What Are We Adapting To? Observed global warming:
Observed change in average global temperature : +0.7˚C Observed average annual temperature difference in when compared with period: +0.6˚C Projected mid-range global warming: By 2030: +0.9˚C By 2070: +2.6˚C By 2100: +3.7˚C

Risk & Opportunities Management Framework

From Impacts to Risks & Opportunities
Objectives: To become familiar with key projected impacts To understand which impacts pose risks to which organisational goals

Why Risk Management? Climate change per se may not be a ‘risk’, but…
…expected changes lead to specific impacts… …that pose a risk to (or an opportunity for) an organisation achieving its goals.

Scope of the Risk Management Process
Geographic scope: All of your LGA? Only coastal or alpine areas? Organisational scope: Risks to council? Community risk? Time horizon considered: Until 2030? Until 2070? In any risk management process, scoping is important to frame the geographic, organisational and temporal boundaries of the process Investigating climate change risks and opportunities is an all-encompassing process. Strongly suggested to keep the scope as broad as possible, both geographically as well as organisationally

Initial council risk assessments
Kogarah Canada Bay Do people feel the selection of risks is justified? I think it is - assurance from IPCC AR5 Synthesis Report, which states that the two main risks for southeast Australia are drought/water availability and sea-level rise. Can we agree to further analyse these two risk after lunch? We will use a mind mapping process that operates along the lines of the RA Framework. Holroyd

Conceptual Modelling

Conceptual Modelling: Objectives
Establishing the CONTEXT: Which climate change impacts need to be managed by council? What effects will these climate change impacts have on council and the community? Which key elements of council’s operations can be used to address these impacts and effects? Where are the main gaps of addressing climate change impacts at council? Stimulate the generation of ideas Getting to understand complex phenomena Used to communicate ideas internally Transforming tacit knowledge into an organisational resource Facilitate the creation of a shared vision and shared understanding within a team or organisation Enhancing meta-cognition (learning to learn and reflecting on existing knowledge) All these points can be summarised as ‘determining your context’ for adaptation. What that really means is to identify which impacts of climate change the council deems of primary importance, in regard to the risks and opportunities they offer. 40

Conceptual Modelling: Step 1
For each impact, choose Target Condition A state that you want your council or community to achieve in relation to a particular climate change impact Adaptability to coastal erosion from sea-level rise There are many ways of constructing conceptual models. We are suggesting developing one that is based on the following different model elements - an approach that in our experience has proven suitable to conceptual modeling for climate change adaptation. A target condition is a vision, a state that council wants to be at in relation to a particular climate change impact 42

Choose Key Elements (Council Functions) Choose Council functions that would need to be involved in achieving the Target Condition Adaptability to coastal erosion from sea-level rise Natural Resource Management Components, then, are the major system elements that need to be in place and function well in order to be able to reach the Target Condition. Key Element Target Condition 43

Identify Direct Factors Processes or activities that need to be undertaken to contribute to Target Conditions Can be things council is already doing OR things it should be doing Adaptability to coastal erosion from sea-level rise Coastal habitat extension Natural Resource Management Direct factors are all those processes, events and activities that directly and immediately affect each of the components – no matter whether they are under the direct influence of council or not. Direct Factor Key Element Target Condition 44

Identify Indirect Factors Processes or activities that influence or determine the success of a Direct Factor Adaptability to coastal erosion from sea-level rise Acquisition of private land Coastal habitat extension Natural Resource Management Species conservation program Direct factors, then again, are influenced and defined by a range of issues, such as particular legislation, the legacy of particular historic events or specific processes of organisational reform, for example. You can see that you could theoretically subdivide the model further and further. This is up to the user to decide – where it makes sense to go into more detail and where it doesn’t. Indirect Factors Direct Factor Key Elements Target Condition 45

Identify Conditions Broader issues that affect the entire municipality Can be social, economic or environmental Sea-change culture Tourism-dependent economy Adaptability to coastal erosion from sea-level rise Acquisition of private land Coastal habitat extension Natural Resource Management Species conservation program Conditions are general influences that are not directly connected to Factors or Components, but that still influence the system on the whole, at various points. In this case, a large proportion of elderly population is the condition. Indirect Factors Key Elements Target Condition Conditions Direct Factor 46

Risk & Opportunities Analysis Existing controls Current gaps Leverage partnerships, e.g. cooperation with other ARC councils? = Existing controls = Current gaps = Leverage partnerships Sea-change culture Tourism-dependent economy Adaptability to coastal erosion from sea-level rise Acquisition of private land Coastal habitat extension Natural Resource Management As you can imagine, you could easily have this model expand quite far. The purpose is to highlight the KEY components and factors. Once you have the model at a level that you’re satisfied with, you can use it to help develop your action plan. This is your context. Take a look at each of the boxes. Identify where you have leverage or influence, and where you have partnerships that could be leveraged. Which factors or components can YOU directly influence? Place a star where you have influence. Do you have relationships with any stakeholders who can directly influence any of the other factors or components? Place a dot where you have relationships that you can leverage. Include an example/name of the relevant stakeholder to leverage. Species conservation program Key Elements Target Condition Conditions Indirect Factors Direct Factor 47

Adaptive and Resilient Communities (ARC)
H p.1 ARC Program Framework Phase 1: Establish the Context Phase 5: Review and Restrategise Assess Increase in Adaptive Capacity and Resilience Analysing Climate Change Risks &Opportunities ICLEI Capacity Building Program: Adaptive and Resilient Communities (ARC) Assessing Council’s Adaptive Capacity Systematically Reconsider Options Develop Options & Assumptions Phase 2: Prioritise Areas for Action & Set Goals Phase 4: Monitor and Report Implement Adaptation Action Plan Phase 3: Develop Adaptation Action Plan Translating Priorities into Actions

Some final thoughts Future sustainable infrastructure planning has to be done in context of Climate Change and the principles of resilience and sustainability: redundancy flexibility capacity to reorganise, capacity to learn ASK: Does anyone know what ICLEI stands for? Non-profit membership-based local government association Over 1100 cities, towns, counties, and their associations worldwide comprise ICLEI's growing membership. That have made a commitment to sustainable development. 15 Offices worldwide, headquartered in Toronto, Canada We are hosted by the City of Melbourne Local Action ICLEI Oceania provides technical consulting, training, and information services to build capacity, share knowledge, and support local government in the implementation of sustainable development at the local level. Organisational Approach mission is to build a movement of councils to achieve tangible improvements in sustainability conditions through the cumulative impact of local action. ICLEI Oceania’s particular focus is on practical action within a long-term framework, multi-level political support for councils, focus on capacity building and commitment to partnerships. This approach has enabled our organisation to leverage immediate benefits via the implementation of council actions as well as instigate long-term culture change within the local government sector.

Some final thoughts Council must own the process and outcomes
Complex, multi-dimensional, challenging, new paradigms Political dimensions Time and resources required, especially challenging for small councils – clusters? External support? ASK: Does anyone know what ICLEI stands for? Non-profit membership-based local government association Over 1100 cities, towns, counties, and their associations worldwide comprise ICLEI's growing membership. That have made a commitment to sustainable development. 15 Offices worldwide, headquartered in Toronto, Canada We are hosted by the City of Melbourne Local Action ICLEI Oceania provides technical consulting, training, and information services to build capacity, share knowledge, and support local government in the implementation of sustainable development at the local level. Organisational Approach mission is to build a movement of councils to achieve tangible improvements in sustainability conditions through the cumulative impact of local action. ICLEI Oceania’s particular focus is on practical action within a long-term framework, multi-level political support for councils, focus on capacity building and commitment to partnerships. This approach has enabled our organisation to leverage immediate benefits via the implementation of council actions as well as instigate long-term culture change within the local government sector.

Thank you CCP Adapt program and modules available in 2010 - 2011
ICLEI Oceania ASK: Does anyone know what ICLEI stands for? Non-profit membership-based local government association Over 1100 cities, towns, counties, and their associations worldwide comprise ICLEI's growing membership. That have made a commitment to sustainable development. 15 Offices worldwide, headquartered in Toronto, Canada We are hosted by the City of Melbourne Local Action ICLEI Oceania provides technical consulting, training, and information services to build capacity, share knowledge, and support local government in the implementation of sustainable development at the local level. Organisational Approach mission is to build a movement of councils to achieve tangible improvements in sustainability conditions through the cumulative impact of local action. ICLEI Oceania’s particular focus is on practical action within a long-term framework, multi-level political support for councils, focus on capacity building and commitment to partnerships. This approach has enabled our organisation to leverage immediate benefits via the implementation of council actions as well as instigate long-term culture change within the local government sector.

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