1. Digestive System

2. Can you sort out the statements into True and False?
Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are all made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. 1 2
Fats are made up of smaller units called amino acids 3
Starch is a large carbohydrate molecule 4
Proteins are made up of one or more glucose molecules 5
Starch molecules can be broken down by amylase. 6
Proteins are important for the growth and repair of cells

3. Parts of The Alimentary Canal
The alimentary canal (or gut) is the tube within the body through which food passes and is processed in various ways
mouth
oesophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus

4. Human digestive system
mouth
salivary glands
oesophagus
liver
stomach
pancreas
large intestine
small intestine
anus

5. Enzymes
They are special proteins that behave as catalysts, i.e., they accelerate each and every chemical reaction in your body; otherwise, those chemical reactions wouldn't take place, or would do at a very slow pace. Enzymes are very specific and each one can catalise only one chemical reaction: for instance, the only thing that salivary amylase can do is breaking the starch into maltose.

6. Role of the Mouth Teeth assist the mechanical breakdown of food
Saliva is mixed with food during chewing
Saliva contains the enzyme amylase which starts the digestion of food
Salivary gland
Saliva contains mucus that keeps the mouth moist and lubricates food for easier swallowing
Salivary gland
Salivary gland

7. Muscles of the Alimentary Canal
Food has to be kept moving along the alimentary canal whilst being mixed with various juices
These actions are brought about by muscles in the walls of the canal over which a person has little or no conscious control

8. Peristalsis
The squeezing action of muscles that is used to move food along the alimentary canal
Peristalsis-1
Peristalsis-2

9. Digestive Enzymes What do the following enzymes breakdown?
What do they break the large moleculs down into?
Amlyases
Lipases
Proteases

10. Sites of production of main digestive juices
Site of digestive juice production
Main digestive juice produced
Mouth
Saliva
Stomach
Gastric juice
Liver
Bile (breaks down big fat droplets into little fat droplets
Pancreas
Pancreatic juice
Small Intestine
Intestinal juice

11. Digestion and Digestive Juices
Saliva
GASTRIC JUICE
Bile
PANCREATIC JUICE
INTESTINAL JUICE

12. Digestion and Digestive Juices
SALIVA
Salivary amylase
Mucus
Bile
GASTRIC JUICE
Hydrochloric acid
Pepsin (protease)
Rennin
Mucus
PANCREATIC JUICE
Pancreatic lipase
Trypsin
INTESTINAL JUICE
Proteases, Lipases, amylase

13. In the Mouth… Starch maltose
Broken down into glucose later by other amylases
Salivary amylase

14. Types of Teeth
1.Incisor
2. Canine
3. Premolar
4. Molar

15. Tongue
The tongue is a muscle on the floor of the mouth that manipulates food for chewing and swallowing (deglutition). It is the primary organ of taste, as much of the upper surface of the tongue is covered in papillae and taste buds.

16. Taste regions of tongue

17. Taste buds of tongue

18. Swallowing of bolus

19. Section of stomach

20. In the stomach Protein peptides
Broken down into amino acids later by other proteases
pepsin

21. Chyme
The fluid food mass that is produced in the stomach when the bolus undergoes a second digestive stage.

22. Functions of liver
There are many functions of the liver. Some of the most important are:
1.                The production of bile
2.                Detoxifying the body, i.e. breaking down alcohol and drugs
3.                Breaking down excess amino acids to form urea
4.                Converting glucose to glycogen for storage
5.                Converting excess carbohydrates to fats
6.                Storing vitamins
7.                Storing minerals such as Iron, Copper, and Zinc.
8.                Making plasma proteins such as fibrinogen which is used in blood clotting
9.                Making cholesterol which is used to form many hormones
10.           Producing heat for the blood and body

23. Liver Facts • Weighs about 1 pound
Liver Facts • Weighs about 1 pound. • Carries out 1000s of functions per day. • Effects the emotions. • Cleanses the blood. • Helps regulate blood sugar. • Metabolizes fats. • Synthesizes vitamin A. • Breaks down toxic substances. • Stores iron for the body. • Stores glycogen (converted glucose). • Metabolizes carbohydrates. • Metabolizes proteins.

24. Position of Liver

25. Bile
One of the five digestive juices. It is produced by the liver, stored in the gall-bladder, and it is greenish. It is necessary mostly not to carry digestive enzymes to the duodenum, but to transport bile salts to the duodenum. The bile salts are necessary to help the lipids to "dissolve" in the chyle, forming small droplets, easy to be attacked by the lipases. This process is called emulsification.

26. Small Intestine

27. Duodenum
Gall
bladder
Bile
Hepatopancreatic duct

28. Jejunum

29. Intestinal glands

30. Composition of Bile Constituent pH Na+ K+ Ca2+ Cl- HCO3- Phosphorus
Bile acids
fatty acids
Bilirubin
Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Proteins

31. In the pancreas….
Fats fatty acids and glycerol
Pancreatic lipase

32. After all the digestive enzymes have done their work…
Glucose
Amino acids
Fatty acids
Glycerol

33. Finish the sentence…. Something new I learnt today was…..
Something I found difficult to understand was…
The thing I need to revise from today’s lesson is…