1. You will cover…

2. Discuss…
What are the benefits of using ICT systems for Businesses?

3. Research your allocated organisation – how do they use ICT
Research your allocated organisation – how do they use ICT? (Due: next Thursday)
Bank – Samir, Naim, Mushahid, Ryan School – Fahimul, Nawaz, Zahir, Sylvain Supermarket – Ashik, Ibrahim, Dayna, Casian E-commerce - Isaac, Ravinder, Ismail Police – Lulu, Faiq, Abdullah, Umar

4. What ICT can provide? (6 main points)
Fast, repetitive processing
Can perform calculations very quickly
Useful for large volumes of data
Animations for films
Vast storage capacity
Need much less physical space
Data can be shared more easily (shared DB / attachments)
Improved search facilities
Search and combine data very quickly
E.g. doctors surgery – match symptoms to illness and suggest medicine
Improved presentation of information (output)
Animations
podcasts
Computer generated special effects E.g. Election forecasting / weather
Improved accessibility of information & services
Available 24/7
6. Improved security of data and processes
Software
Hardware
procedures

5. Is the use of ICT systems always appropriate?
The limitations in what ICT systems can be used for
More expensive to solve using ICT
Many things that humans can do better than computers
Understanding speech
Recognising faces
Using opinions (e.g. weather forecasting)
Podcast – watching again and again doesn’t mean you will understand
The limitation in the quality of information produced by ICT systems
Only as good as the data we put in
Not all errors can be picked up validation
Processing are rules, created by humans
Not possible to test every aspect of a system
ICT cannot model opinions, only value judgements (Codes)
The limitations of the appropriateness of solutions
not the best way at times
Only small amount of data to be handled, is it worth using ICT to process?
When is a personal touch more appropriate? NHS Direct Online

6. Home Learning
Discuss the advantages and limitations of using ICT systems for organisations. Give examples from case studies. (20 marks)
Due Thursday!

7. Working Pairs Ravinder – Ryan Lulu – Ismail Ibrahim – Casian
Nawaz – Isaac
Samir – Naim
Fahimul – Faiq
Ashik – Umar
Mushahid – Dayna
Abdullah – Zahir - Sylvain

8. Is the use of ICT systems always appropriate?
Use the A3 sheet make a mindmap with notes on the limitations of using ICT systems:
Hardware limitations
Communications limitations
Software limitations
Legislation limitations
Existing systems limitations
Design limitations
Can you think of an example of a situation where an ICT system would not be appropriate – give a reason…
E.g. an artist sketching a plan for a new house while talking to the owners before the architectural design.

9. ICT Benefits & Limitations
What do computers do well?
They can perform calculations very quickly.
They can improve the presentation of work.
They can search for data very rapidly using various search criteria.
They can perform repetitive operations effectively and free people from having to do them, for example the production of utility bills.
What do computers do less well?
They cannot give advice to users who are making online purchases.
They cannot carry out medical diagnosis on their own but have to be supplemented by human expertise (See Fig 15.1 in Section 15).
They cannot spot errors in, for example, the logic behind a spreadsheet formula. (They can spot errors of syntax, though.)
They cannot spot errors in data entry. Validation cannot ensure that data is actually true.

10. Is the use of ICT systems always appropriate?
The limitations in what ICT systems can be used for
The limitation in the quality of information produced by ICT systems
The limitations of the appropriateness of solutions
Create a poster to explain each of the points listed above.
Save the poster with your name in the “limitations of ICT poster” folder in
homework post

11. There are 3 main types of processing that are used in ICT systems.
Each is used under different circumstances depending on the processing taking place and the availability and cost of the processing.
This presentation differentiates between ICT professional and end users. 11

12. Processing data Types of processing: Batch processing
Transaction processing
Interactive/real time processing
Your notes should include:
Explanation of terms
Examples of use
Advantages
Disadvantages
Thursday and Friday – past exam questions on types
of processing.

13. Batch processing
This occurs when hundreds or thousands of similar outputs are produced at once, usually at regular intervals.
Data is collected together in a group (batch) before processing takes place
Suitable when processing is not real time dependent
Can you think of some examples?
Payroll slips
Electricity bills

14. Batch processing Utility bills
Data can be sent in from the customer’s own reading.
Or collected by a meter reader using a keypad.

15. Batch processing
The data from customers is collected together in a transaction file. It is sorted in order of customer number.
When the batch is processed, the transaction file updates the master file with the new meter reading, calculates how much energy was used and how much to charge the customer.
Customer bills are produced and sent out at the same time – this is batch processing.

16. Transaction processing
In transaction processing, each transaction is completed at that time, for example, drawing money from an ATM.
Allows many users to access & update a system at apparently the same time
Each transaction must be completed before the next transaction is begun
Can you think of some more examples?
Theatre booking
Purchasing online

17. Transaction processing
Theatre booking
Purchasing online

18. Examination question
Explain the type of processing that would be suitable for each of the following ICT systems.
Monthly payroll (2 marks)
Cinema ticket booking (2 marks)
Note that the question asks you to explain – this means that you have to say why the type of processing you have chosen is suitable.
Click here to see the answers from the mark scheme or here to skip them.

19. Answers to examination question
Explain the type of processing that would be suitable for each of the following ICT systems.
Monthly payroll (2 marks)
Cinema ticket booking (2 marks)
Batch processing (1) because the output is only required monthly (1)
Transaction processing (1) to prevent double bookings (1)

20. Summary Batch – repetitive, for example payroll
Transaction – individual processing, completed on demand, for example theatre bookings

21. Interactive processing
Interaction (dialogue) between you and the computer
The user reacts to prompts from the computer
And the computer uses these prompts to process data
Example:
A student queries their record in the college library database to see if they have exceeded the maximum number of books they can take out.
The reply appears on the screen: which means they know if they can take out any more books
This presentation differentiates between ICT professional and end users. 21

22. Interactive processing
This one should be obvious – but is not.
As soon as you click Save the process is carried out.

23. Interactive processing
What other examples can you think of where processing is instantaneous?
Travel agents’ booking systems*
Stock checking in a catalogue store
Computer games
*How is this different from a cinema booking system?

24. Transaction and interactive processing
The cinema booking system usually involves just one cinema.
The travel agents' system must cope with information from lots of different holiday providers, which are also being accessed by other travel agents.

25. Interactive processing
This system allows customers to check whether the goods they want are in stock. When they enter the item number they wish to purchase, the system will immediately tell them whether the item is available.

26. Summary Batch – repetitive, for example payroll
Transaction – individual processing, completed on demand, for example theatre bookings
Interactive – immediate response, for example customer in-store stock check