1. Beijing Opera/京剧 Jian Ping/剑平 Jennifer Hou Kwong MoraQuest LLC
Phone:
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2. Qing dynasty／Emperor Qianlong （1780）
Brief History/简史
京戏／平剧／国剧
More than 200 years
A combination of "徽戏" (安徽／ānhūi), "汉剧" (湖北／Húběi) and "秦腔" (陕西／Shǎanxī)
Qing dynasty／Emperor Qianlong （1780）
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3. Beijing Opera/京剧 Four forms of presentation: Singing／唱(chàng)
Dialogue／念 (niàn)
Dancing／做 (zuò)/舞(wǔ)
Martial art／打 (dǎ)
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4. 净(Jìng) ：the "painted face” 丑(Chǒu)：the clown
Beijing Opera/京剧
Four roles
生(Shēng)：the male
旦(Dàn)：the female
净(Jìng) ：the "painted face”
丑(Chǒu)：the clown
Beijing Opera can be divided into "civil" pieces, which are characterized by singing, and "martial" ones, which feature acrobatics and stunts.
Its operatic dialogues and monologues are recited in Beijing dialect.
There are four roles in general, including the male (Sheng), the female (Dan), the "painted face" (Jing) and the clown (Chou), to be further classified by age and profession. Each role has its fixed singing and acting styles.

5. 生(Shēng)
Xiǎo shēng Lǎo shēng Wǔ shēng
小 生
武 生
老 生

6. 2.旦（Dàn)
Young and beautiful women

7. Four Great Dans（四大名旦）
Shàng xiǎo yún
尚小云
Méi lán fāng
梅兰芳
Xún huì shēng
荀慧生
Méi: ‘Farewell My Concubine' Chéng: 'Injustice to Dou'e' Shàng: Lady Zhaojun Going beyond the Great Wall' Xún :'Matchmaker’ 霸王别姬：
Chéng yàn qiū
程砚秋

8. 3.Jìng（净） painted face/male

9. Jing -- Painted Face courage and resourcefulness
high-ranking army general,
warrior or official.

10. 4.Chǒu（丑） clown, male or female

11. 丑／Chou -- comedy role blinking eyes all the appropriate gestures
a rascal, with a slightly wicked nature

12. Colored face masks
The facial makeups date a long time back to the Song ( ) and Yuan ( ) dynasties.
Simple patterns of painted faces are found in tomb murals of that age.
During the Ming Dynasty ( ), improvements were made in the skills of drawing and in preparing the paints, leading to the whole set of colorful facial patterns that we see in today's Beijing Opera.

13. 红色(Red color) devotion(奉献fèng xiàn) courage bravery(勇气yǒng qì),
uprightness(正直 zhèng zhí) and loyalty(忠诚zhōng chéng).

14. Chinese Opera Mask, Zhang Fei
黑色(Black color)
Chinese Opera Mask, Zhang Fei
Black Color
Black symbolizes roughness and fierceness. The black face indicates either a rough and bold character or an impartial and selfless personality. Typical of the former are General Zhang Fei with a black cross butterfly face (of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms) and Li Kui (of Water Margin), and of the latter is Bao Gong (alias Bao Zheng), the semi-legendary fearless and impartial judge of the Song Dynasty.
On to Yellow Color Back to Chinese Opera Colors Back to Home Page
roughness and fierceness
(凶猛 xiōng měng).
bold (勇敢／yōnggǎn)
impartial and selfless
(公正／无私 gōngzhèng/wúsī)

15. 黄色(Yellow color) fierceness（凶猛 xiōng měng） ambition (野心 yě xīn)
cool-headedness(冷静 lěng jìng).
Shown is Tuxing Sun with a yellow symbolic face, a dwarf general with special powers in the opera "Three Mountain Pass."

16. 紫色(Purple Color) Uprightness (正直 zhèng zhí), Sophistication
（世故 shì gù）
cool-headedness
（冷静 lěng jìng)
The reddish purple face likewise shows a just and noble character, for instance, Hou Yi with a purple three-tile face was a grain offficer versed in black magic in the opera " Green Dragon Pass.

17. 蓝色(Blue Coloer) Staunchness (坚定 jiān dìng), Fierceness (凶猛 xiōng měng)
Astuteness
(机敏 jī mǐn).
Shown is Xiahou Dun with a blue pointed three-tile face, Cao Cao's most trusted general in the opera Bowang Slope."

18. sinisterness 白色(White Color) (阴险 yīn xiǎn) Treacherousness
(奸诈 jīan zhà)
Suspiciousness
(多疑 duō yí)
Craftiness
(狡猾 jiǎo huá)
Treachery
(背叛 bèi pàn)
Typical characters are Cao Cao, powerful and cruel prime minister in the time of the Three Kingdoms, and Qin Hui, treacherous Song Dynasty prime minister who put the national hero Yue Fei to death. Cao Cao with a watery white face is the leading character in the opera "Meeting of the Elite."

19. 绿色(Green Color) impulsive (冲动 chōng dōng) violent (暴力 bào lì)
stubbornness
(倔强 jué jiàng)
lack of self-restraint
(缺乏自控 quē fá zì kòng).
Zheng Wun with a green pointed three-tile face plays a general in the opera "Green Dragon Ps.

20. 粉色／Pink
noble characters
廉颇（lián pō)
prestige 威望 (wei wàng)

21. 小花脸(Petty Painted Face)
wit(智力 zhì lì)
humor (幽默 yōu mò)
jesting(滑稽 huá jī)
For the clowns of traditional drama, there is a special makeup called xiaohualian (the petty painted face), i.e., a small patch of chalk on and around the nose to show a mean and secretive character, such as Jiang Gan of the Three Kingdoms who fawned upon Cao Cao. It is also occasionally painted on a young page or an ordinary workingman, often to enhance his wit(智力 zh ì l ì), humor (幽默 y ōu m ò)or jesting(滑稽 hu á j ī) and to enliven up the performance.

22. Instrument of Beijing Opera
The instrument includes two parts
文场 （wén chǎng) –wind instrument
武场（wǔ chǎng)—percussion instrument

23. 唆呐 笙
京二胡 京胡 三弦 月琴

24. 大锣 小锣
单皮鼓 板 堂鼓

25. Clothes reflect no difference about time, area, or season.
The Clothes of Beijing Opera
The clothes are made as the style of Ming Dynasty, with reference to clothes of Tang, Song, Yuan and Qing Dynasties.
Clothes reflect no difference about time, area, or season.

27. Quiz
1. When did Beijing Opera start? a) the late 18th century. b) the late 19th century. c) the late 20th century. 2. How many main roles are there in Beijing Opera? a) 4 b) 8 c) What is the main instrument played in Beijing Opera? a) violin b) jinghu c) drum d) piano e) sanxian f) guitar

28. DO YOU KNOW ？
Beijing Opera gradually came into being after 1780 when the famous four Anhui opera troupes came to Beijing during the reign of Emperor Qianlong.
So it is a national treasure with a history of 200 years.
The opera presents the audience with different Chinese cultures, as well as unfolding stories, beautiful paintings, exquisite costumes, graceful gestures and martial arts.
It has many different movements that stand for different meanings.

29. Listen for the first time
Try to get the main idea and finish the following exercises:
1.Fill in the blanks:
Beijing opera is a national _______ of China.The art started in the late _____ century and it combines acting, _______, singing, music, dancing and _________.
2. Match the main roles with their names.
sheng male roles with brightly painted face
dan female roles
jing clown roles
chou male roles
treasure
18th
martial arts
talking

30. Recommended Beijing Operas
霸王别姬
Farewell My Concubine
梅兰芳
Forever Enthralled 青衣
Qing Yi
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31. Painting Face Mast ／脸谱图画步骤

32. Student Activity
Face Mask Pattern
脸谱模型
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33. Student Activity
Black face/黑脸
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34. Student Activity
Hong face/红脸
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35. Student Activity
clown/小丑
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36. Beijing Opera/京剧 Beijing Opera Video clippings:
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