1. AP Statistics
Final Exam Review!!!!!

2. Experimental Design Random Sampling Stratified Sampling
Convenience Sampling
Cluster Sampling
Systematic Sampling
Multistage Sampling
Census
etc…………

3. Percentiles
Ex: A random sample of size 25 is taken from a normal population having a mean 200 and standard deviation 10. What is the 95th percentile?

4. Probability!! Formulas: P(A and B)=P(A)P(B) If they are independent
P(A or B)=P(A) + P(B)
If they are mutually exclusive OR
P(A or B)=P(A) + P(B)- P(A and B) if they have two events in common!!
P(AІB)= P(A and B)/ P(B)

5. Probability Examples
Ex 1: The probability I like Pretzels is The probability I likes Bagels is The probability I like Pretzels and Bagels is Are these 2 events independent?
Is P(P and B)=P(P)*P(B)?
0.35 ≠ (0.45)(0.25)
Therefore they are not independent!

6. Ex 2: The probability that I play volleyball on Tuesday is 0. 9
Ex 2: The probability that I play volleyball on Tuesday is The probability that I play volleyball and go running on Tuesday is What is the probability I went running, given that I went to volleyball?
P(R|V)= 0.6/0.9=0.6667

7. Error in a Significance Test
Type I: (α)
-Reject H₀ when in fact H₀ is true.
Type II: (β)
-Accept H₀, when in fact H₀ is true.
** Remember to define and also state in terms of the problem

8. Confidence Intervals

9. Density Curves The area under any density curve= 1
Ex: Does the following function represent a density curve?

10. She scored better on the SAT
Z-scores
Jen scored a 1240 on her SAT and a 27 on her ACT. The SAT has a mean of 1080 and a std. dev. of 100 while the ACT has a mean of 25 with a std. dev. of Which test results should she report on her college applications?
SAT = ( )/100=1.6
ACT= (27-25)/2.3=0.87
She scored better on the SAT

11. Characteristics of a t-curve
With your partners, think of 2 characteristics that apply to a t-distribution
Asymptotic w/ the x-axis and extends infinitely to the left and right
Hint: How do we define a t-curve?
Mean & Standard Deviation?

12. How measures of center are affected
What happens to the:
-mean
-standard deviation
-median
-correlation
If I double everyone’s quiz grade.
If I add 5 extra credit points to everyone’s quiz grade.

13. What is a “p-value”????
Assuming Ho is true, there is a 2.37% chance of observing a value as extreme or more extreme than the one observed.

14. Binomial Distribution
-There are a fixed # of trials
-They are independent
-The probability of success, p, is the same
-There are 2 outcomes, success or failure.

15. Binomial Distribution Example
The probability I hit a triple is What is the probability of getting at least one triple in 6 of my at-bats?
Ans: P(no triples)= 1 – P(0)=

16. Prediction was too high
Residuals
Residuals: Observed – Predicted
R= O-P
What does it mean if we get a negative residual?
Prediction was too high
Positive?
Prediction was too low

17. Probability Distributions?
What is the expected value? x 1 2 3 4
P(x)
1/3
1/4
1/6
μ= 1(1/3) + 2(1/4) + 3(1/4) + 4(1/6) = 2.25

18. Central Limit Theorem
What is the difference between the central limit theorem and the law of large numbers?

19. Margin of Error
One sample t-interval
One proportion z-interval

20. Free Response Questions
There will be 4 free response questions. They could include any of the following topics.
-Probability- Are they independent?
-Experimental Design
-Binomial Distribution
-Significance Tests:
Matched pairs t-test
2 Sample t-test
Chi-Squared Test
Linear Regression Test