1. Biochemistry

2. Periodic Table
First functional one developed by ____________ ______________ in 1869.
What’s its primary purpose?
Brief history of P.T. (3:39)
The genius of Mendeleev (4:24)

3. Biochemistry
According to the Oxford Dictionary, biochemistry is “the branch of __________ concerned with the _____________ and physicochemical processes that occur within _________ _________________”

4. Chemical Equations Write down everything you know about this equation:
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
What is this?
Why did I put it on this slide?

5. The Atom
The term “atom” comes from the Greek word atomos, which means “unable to be _______”.
First coined by Greek philosopher ___________ 2500 years ago.
ατομοσ

6. Subatomic Particles Three main subatomic particles
What are they?
What are their charges?
Neutrality of atoms – What causes this?
Atomic number?
Atomic mass?
How small is an atom? (5:27)
You can't touch anything! (5:29)

7. Element
A pure substance consisting entirely of one type of ___________

8. Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of ___________ (See Fig 2-2 on p. 36.)
Isotopes of hydrogen

9. Compound
Substance formed by the chemical union of two or more _____________
Chemical structure of NaCl

10. Chemical Formula
Way of showing the chemical ______________ of a compound (C6H12O6)
It tells us the _____________ in the compound and their __________ (how many atoms there are of each element).

11. Ionic Bond
Bond formed when one or more electrons are _____________ from one atom to another

12. Covalent Bond
Bond formed when electrons are ___________ between atoms; stronger and far more common in organisms than ________
Know difference between polar and non-polar covalent bonds
Ionic and covalent bonds (1:57)

13. Hydrogen Bonding
Hydrogen bonds form when a _____ atom covalently bonds to an O or N atom in another molecule.
H bonds form because the larger atoms (with more protons) pull the _____ from the H atoms closer to them, making them partially _____ and the H atoms partially _____.
H bonding (:56)

14. Van der Waals Force
Slight attraction that develops between ____________ ____________ regions of molecules (mainly ______ molecules)
Van der Waals and the gecko (8:22)
Gecko's foot

15. Cohesion Attraction between molecules of the ___________ substance
BELLY FLOP!!

16. Surface Tension Surface tension (1:24)
Surface tension: property of a ___________ that allows it to resist an external force due to internal cohesive forces = smallest surface area possible
Surface tension (1:24)

17. Adhesion
Attraction between molecules of _____________ substances; makes life possible – How??
Notice how the water adheres to the glass and forms a _________.

18. Solution Even distribution of a solute in a ________
Example: Saltwater (Salt is the __________ and water is the __________.)

19. Suspensions
Heterogeneous mixture of undissolved ___________ in a solvent

20. pH Scale
Indicates the concentration of ______ ___________ in a solution
Acid – any compound that forms _____ _________ in a solution (________ on pH scale)
Base – any compound that forms ______ __________ in solution (________ on pH scale)
Buffers – weak _______or ________ that counteract strong acids or bases to prevent sudden, sharp changes in ______

21. Versatility of Carbon
The study of all compounds containing carbon is called __________ ___________.
Carbon has four valance ___________ that can covalently bond with electrons of other atoms
It readily combines with other _________ atoms to form straight and branching _________ and will also form _________.
Forms single, double, and triple covalent _________

22. Versatility of Carbon
Carbon nanotube bandage for preemies (coated w/ iodine solution)

23. PNCL Park
Proteins: Always made of an __________ group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH) and an R-group.
The _____-__________ is what differentiates one amino acid from another.
Proteins needed for growth, repair, _______________ production, etc, etc….
Amino acids held together by covalent bonds called _____________ bonds
Monomer: _________ ________
End with –ine (ex: valine)
CHONS
What do proteins do? (4:07)

24. Levels of Protein Structure
There are four levels of protein structure (from simple to complex):
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

25. PNCL Park
Nucleic acids: Monomer:___________ (consists of a 5-carbon ____________, a ________________ group, and a ________________ base)
They store and transmit ___________ information.
Two kinds of nucleic acids: ______ and _______
PONCH
DNA and proteins (3:24)

26. Nucleic Acid Structure

27. PNCL Park
Carbohydrates: formed from C, H, and O most often in the ratio of _________ (example: glucose – C6H12O6)
Main source of __________ and give cells _______ (cell walls, parts of cytoskeleton)
Monomer: __________________
Many have the suffix -_______
di-, and polysaccharides (__________)
Cellulose – most abundant organic chemical on Earth (polysaccharide)
CHO

29. PNCL Park Lipids: Large, mostly insoluble molecules
Fats, oils, and waxes
Used to store _________ and make up important parts of membranes, especially _______ membrane
Monomer: _____________ combined with a ________ acid
Saturated and ______________
Chemically speaking, what’s the difference?
CHO

30. Lipid Structure

31. Chemical Reactions
Processes that ___________ one set of chemicals into another

32. Chemical Reactions
Reactant – element or compound that ___________ a chemical reaction
Product - element or compound _____________ by a chemical reaction
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
(_________) (__________)

33. Enzymes
Biological (organic) catalysts that __________ up chemical __________ by lowering the activation ___________
End with –________ and their name is related to the compound they act upon
Example: lactase – speeds up the reaction that breaks down the disaccharide __________ into the monosaccharides galactose and glucose
Introduction to enzymes (4:46)
Roles of Enzymes (3:35)

34. Enzymes Affected by __________, ______________, and ______
These factors can change the ___________ of the enzymes (_____________), making them non-functional.
Substrates and active site – What are they?
Lock-and-key model becomes _______-_____ model
Protein (enzyme) denaturation (3:55)